ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 


OF 


WINDMILLS, 
.. ranks . and . Pumps. . 


AS APPLIED TO 


WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, 


ALSO 


Windmilis as Adapted for Power. 


om ene 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


fee 174 High Street, Boston, Mass. 


Digitized by the Internet Archive 
In 2023 with funding from 
Columbia University Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/illustratedcatal0Ochar_0O 


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To OUR PATRONS. 


This catalogue is issued particularly for those customers who are interested 
in, or who are contemplating the introduction of a Water-Supply System, and in 
Windmills, used either for power or in connection with a water system, and is 
designed to answer the inquiries of that trade without reference to the other lines 
of goods that we handle: our lines of Pumps, aside from those connected 
directly with windmill work, we do not touch on at all, nor do we, except in a 
very brief way, make any mention of our Gas and Gasolene Engines, which are 
now forming a considerable part of our trade. We issue special catalogues on 
these goods, and on those listed below, and are pleased to mail any or all to any 
one upon application; we are glad to answer any questions, and to give further 
information regarding the same to any one wishing it. 

Prices on the different Windmills, Towers, Tanks, ete., may be found on the 


pages descriptive of those goods, and also in the summary at the last of the book. 


In addition to the above mentioned, our full line includes: 


The Fairbanks=Morse Gas and Gasolene Engines, in eight sizes, 
developing 1 to 75 actual horse-power. These engines are adapted to any 


work on the farm or in the factory. 
Tanks, Dye Vats and Tubs for manufacturers. 


Hand Pumps of All Kinds for shallow and deep wells, for use indoors or 


out, Single and Double-Acting. Anti-Freezing and Force Pumps. 
Spraying Pumps, Cylinders and Pump Standards. 
Power Pumps and Hydraulic Rams. 
Steam Pumps and Underwriters’ Fire Pumps. 
Triplex Power Pumps. 
Eclipse Friction Clutch Pulleys and Cut-Off Couplings. 


Pipe, Fittings, Valves, Tank Fixtures and Water-Supply 
Materials of all kinds. 


4 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


14-Ft. Eclipse Windmill with 5,000-Gal. Frost-Proofed Tank on 40-Ft. Tower. 
Erected on Estate of HOWARD MARSTON, Esq., Centreville, Mass. 


The Mill pumps from a well driven 55 feet from the surface of the ground, furnishing water for house, 
stable, lawns and gardens. 


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On 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


Suggestions to Purchasers of Windmills. 


The principal service to which the windmill is applied is the pumping of 
water for ordinary domestic purposes, but its range of adaptability for work has 
been extended, so that they are now used to supply large quantities of water 
for towns and villages, isolated institutions requiring independent water-supply 
systems, market gardens and farms, seashore and summer cottages, for irrigating 
and draining land, including cranberry bogs, clay pits, etc., and general pumping 
duty. 

Within recent years great progress has been made in the utilization of wind- 
power for operating machinery for various purposes, such as grinding grain, 
polishing marble, granite, etc., sawing wood, cutting feed and ensilage, and 
general farm work, while the latest triumph of the art has been the successful 
combination of the Eclipse Windmill and a dynamo for the purpose of genera- 
ting electricity for lighting and power, this result having been brought about 
only after much careful thought and experiment. The time is not far distant 
when this field will be a most important branch of our work, and we invite 
inquiry regarding our power mills, and will be pleased to afford any informa- 
tion at our command. The value of an independent water-supply system where 
the advantages of municipal service cannot be had is never fully appreciated 
until it is enjoyed, and the introduction of independent outfits for this purpose 
has never before been the object: of such careful attention by experts of long 
experience as at the present time. The demand for durable, practical, and 
efficient outfits has called into this line the efforts of the best talent in the 
mechanical field, and the complete windmill water-supply system of to-day is 
the embodiment of good planning and thorough workmanship. 

The windmill is different from a great’muany machines, in that it is not com- 
plete for service when it is purchased. It must be erected on a tower or support 
varying in height according to the peculiarities of the location, and when so placed, 
attached to a more or less complex system of pump and piping connections. 
The capacity, weight, and frost-proofing of a storage tank must be considered, 
its proper location and support carefully arranged for, and the pump and piping 
protected from frost, if the outfit is to be used during the winter months. 

It sometimes happens that a customer applies to a manufacturer at a distance 
for information concerning a windwill water-supply system, in response to 
advertisements making exaggerated claims for the special merits of his par- 
ticular machine, and is informed that he can get a low factory price by sending 
for a mill at once, being assured that the ordinary mechanic can erect it in a 
satisfactory manner. In this way many customers are led on to conclude a 
purchase which proves to be much more expensive than they had at first antici- 
pated, and when finished is insufficient for their needs, representing their own 
inexperience and that of the chance mechanics they employ. 


6 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


14-Foot Eclipse Windmill on 60-Foot Spiked Tower. 


Erected on Estate of |. B. SHURTLEFF, Esq., Revere, Mass. 


The Mill pumps water from a surface spring into the tank shown on page 60, which is 1,1CO feet dis- 
tant, and 115 feet higher than the source of supply. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. i 


It is a poor compensation for the customer to reflect that he purchased the 
mill at the saving of a few dollars, when its operation is compromised at the 
start by improper erection, not only rendering it liable to wreckage and repair, 
but resulting in an insufficient supply of water at times when most needed, 
extra expense because of the employ of inexperienced workmen, and the annoy- 
ance of an unsatisfactory, short-lived outfit, which must be soon repaired, if not 
entirely thrown away. It has been found that the satisfactory way to arrange 
for the installation of a windmill outfit is to employ a competent man to examine 
the location and make plans and estimate for the work, as this ensures a suc- 
cessful result. We employ a full corps of capable men for this purpose, and 
when the work is left in their charge we will guarantee satisfactory results. 
This system gives our customers the benefits of long experience in the planning 
of the proposed work, enables them to accomplish results at a minimum ex- 
pense at first cost, and ensures the purchase of an outfit well calculated to 
serve the purpose for which it is intended, and capable of doing satisfactory 
service during a long time with the least wear and tear. 

Where it is not feasible to consult an expert, or for the purpose of procuring 
an approximate estimate : — 


Parties wishing Estimates on Water-Supply Outfits are requested to state : — 


1. The depth of the well or spring, (surface of platform or ground to bottom), 
from which water is to be taken. 


2. Depth of water. 
3. The elevation, (above platform of well), to which water is to be raised. 


4. The distance from well or spring to the place where water is to be 
discharged. 


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5. Ifa bored well, give the diameter. 


6. Give the obstructions to a free current of air in the vicinity of where 
the mill is to be set; if well is in a valley, it is advisable to make a diagram of 
the same. 


7. State what number of gallons of water will be required per day; also 
quantity of water that spring or well will afford if the supply is somewhat 
limited. . 


8. The distance of well or spring from the place of proposed location of 
the mill. 


We will be glad to mail catalogues or reply to any questions concerning 
these matters, and will make estimate and submit plans for proposed work 
without charge. We have every facility for the complete installation of a water- 
supply system, and carry in stock a full line of supplies for the same. 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


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19-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 5,000-Gallon Tank on 40-Foot Framed and 
Rodded Tower. 


Erected at the TALBOT MEMORIAL HALL AND LIBRARY, North Billerica, Mass. 


This Mill supplies the water used for the buildings and grounds. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 9 


The Working Value of the Wind. 


It is our opinion that in nearly all classes of work the efficiency and capacities 
of the machines, or the work that may be expected of the article under dis- 
cussion, is, if not overestimated, placed at the maximum. It is taken for granted 
that every condition is favorable to the best results, that expert supervision is 
provided, that all appurtenances are of the best, etc., and in this way a customer 
expects, and rightly, more from his machine than he can get, and in figuring 
up how much he requires, makes too low an estimate and is consequently dis- 
appointed with his investment. 

We endeavor in the statements made below to give a clear, intelligent idea 
of real, practical results, such as are obtained every day; actual results instead 
of theoretical; average results instead of maximum; and in order to give no 
wrong or exaggerated impressions, make our statements a little below rather than 
above the average. We believe in having too much power rather than to fall 
short of what is required: to have a little too much water than not quite enough, 
for simply in this lies the fact of success or failure. We shall endeavor to so 
plan our outfits that our customers’ needs at the most important moment will 
be fully met, for while the overestimated outfit will supply the ordinary require- 
ments, it will fail utterly when the needs for a full supply become urgent; 
the very time when it should be of the best service its inefficiency becomes a 
source of loss and annoyance. 

A windmill is of course entirely dependent, and relies wholly upon the wind 
for its power; inasmuch as the wind does not blow all the time, the mill cannot 
be counted upon as being always in motion. A conservative estimate of the 
number of hours a day that windmills may be depended on for actual, steady 
and productive work is eight, taking the average throughout the year; there 
are, though very seldom, intervals of three days in which there will be no wind, 
or at least not enough to obtain any eftective work from the mill, and in making 
our estimate for storage tanks we allow for three to four days’ supply. -It 
requires a wind of 8 to 10 miles velocity per hour to obtain results from a 
pumping mill that are entirely satisfactory: in a 4 to 8-mile wind the mill will 
pump slowly, the best results being obtained in a 12 to 15-mile breeze. For 
a geared windmill, from 15 to 25 miles velocity of wind per hour is necessary 
for the best results, in such work as sawing wood, cutting feed, grinding grain, 
etc. It will be seen that a pumping mill can be used more constantly than a 
geared mill. No question is more frequently asked by those interested in the 
purchase of windmills than as to their capacity to do the work to which they 
are to be applied. A reply to such inquiries is made all the more difficult 
because they are put in terms used to designate the capacity of other machinery, 
such as those run by steam or water power: — 

For example, it is asked, ‘* How many gallons will your windmill pump an 
hour, or what horse-power do you estimate it at”? These persons entirely over- 


JAGER COMPANY, 


CHARLES J. 


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174 High St., Boston, Mass. 11 


look the peculiarities of wind power and the conditions of its successful utilization. 
Wind is a variable motor. Its efficiency, therefore, cannot be computed by the 
application of any general mechanical principles. Whatever conclusions are reached 
in regard to its pumping efficiency, must be arrived at by a careful averaging of 
records of windmills and their observed performances. The science of applied 
wind power is purely empirical. Any calculations, therefore, that proceed upon 
the assumption of fixed quantities, must necessarily be misleading. 


The usual way in which wind power has been tabulated, is by giving its pump- 
ing capacity in a 16 or 20-mile wind. Such tables are of no practical value to the 
inquirer, because he does not know to what extent these winds prevail, nor is he 
able to estimate the proportionate efficiency of other winds that are not in the table. 


We give below the estimated capacity of our windmills in the average winds, at 
an average speed, with pumps of sufficient size to utilize to the best advantage the 
power of the mill, lifting water 75 feet high through 500 feet of pipe of suitable 
capacity, properly connected. This is about the average load on windmills in this 
section. 


TABLE NO. 1: 


| | Average Revolutions of 


Diameter of Windmill, / Size of Pump. Gallons per Hour. || Windmill per Minute. 
81 feet. 2 by 4 single acting. 98 | 30 
IO «“ | ab 5 “ | IgI | 30 
12 «“ Bes — 257 i 28 
14 “6 nga to 8 a | 368 25 
16. « 3 “© 8 double acting. | 735 25 : 
18 “ re EG «“ 1,044 20 =) 
0320 “ Ae eto “ 1,304 Piezo ‘ 
eS 5 ‘12 e 1,958 | 16), ; 
30 “6 Lela ago) es 2,284 14 


This speed would be developed in about a 10-mile wind. 


Also table showing the wind pressure at different velocities. 


TABLE NO. 2. 


Descriptor ora. | Peon: Bees aneepes square Meera rhe! 
\|Mls. per Hour. Ft. per Minute. 

Hardly observable. | I 88 .005 or about 51, of an ounce. 
Just perceptible. | 2 _176-264.02 04n EL eoses “ 
Light breeze. | 4 Wea e: | .08 < 1-3 ounces, 
Gentle, pleasant wind. | 5 440 | ae oy ee 2 ae 
Fresh breeze. a £0 880 I sae 68 e 
Brisk blow. ae 5p 320 prunan ans 1 1b..2, “ 
Strong wind. 20 ‘|| 1,760 | 2. si 


| 
Very strong wind. | 25 || 2,200 i, 3-225 


2 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


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14-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 5,000-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank on 28-Foot 
Framed and Rodded Tower. 


Erected on Estate of N. P. HAMLIN, Esq., Wayland, Mass. 


The Mill pumps water from artesian well 253 feet deep; the cylinder of the pump is located 225 
feet below the surface of the ground. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 13 


TABLE NO. 2.—Concluded. 


Velocity. 

Description of Wind. Meteor Hoge : Ft. per Minute. per iG are Lbs. 
High wind. 30 2,640 | 4.5 

z ao, 35 3,080 62125 0) 
Very high wind. Whbi bce Aor set 3,520 8. - 
Gale. Seee so 4,400 12.5 . 
Violent gale. 60 5,280 18, 5 
Hurricane. | 80 | 7,040 32. - 
Tornado. | 100 8,800 


From the above table it will be seen that with a velocity of 4 or 5 miles per 
hour, the pressure is less than 2 ounces per square foot of wind surface, and that 
its effective force depends entirely on the velocity. 


TABLE NO. 3. 


THe RECORD FOR THE LAST THREE YEARS OF THE AVERAGE VELOCITY OF THE WIND IN MILES PER 
Hour, AT THE U. 8S. WEATHER BUREAU IN BOSTON. 


1892. | 1893. 1894, 


January. | 12.50 | 11.58 E2225 
February. TIO7- ae 14.08 13.04 
March. ; T5168 ce ieee 12.04 
April. he cine 12.46 ieee 1.77.06 13.62 
May. aS eee Nees ce 11.50 || 10.90 
June. Sint eee ON, | 9-50 1 10.54 
July. 9-58 nie 10.54 9-37 
August. | 10.00 | 10.21 9-46 
September. her ee 10.71 LOsS AAR A gs2S 
October. ae Pee wes © | 10.71 | 11.92 2 
November. A | 12°50 Me ell edie £1529 a acTy, 
December. — a a 12.04 ede rir.7G 2 {138 5. 
Totals. | 142.93 I SS Weta 135.07 
Average. | TE.02 II.40 T1393 


The conformation of the ground in the immediate vicinity of a windmill is a 
very important element in the question of its proper location, and in this connec- 
tion, we suggest that the common mistake in erecting a windmill is to place it on 
too low a support; the ground currents of the wind being more or less broken and 
eddying, while the higher currents are strong and steady. It sometimes happens 
that a windmill plant is a failure simply because the mill is not properly located 
above the surrounding wind obstructions. A windmill may fail to do good work 
with a wind blowing from a certain direction, owing to obstructions not readily 
apparent, while the same velocity of wind from the other points of the compass 
give maximum results. 


14 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


10-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 29,200-Gallon Tank on 30-Foot Enclosed 
Tower, 


Erected at Summer Residence of CHARLES A. KING, Esq., Mattapoisett, Mass. 


Pumping water from driven wells at base of tower, supplying house, stable and lawns. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 15 


In the summer of 3 we erected a 14 ft.-mill on a 75 ft.-tower, connecting the 
mill to a 3 x 8 single-acting pump, and made a test of its performance by keeping 
a record of the number of revolutions made by the mill for a period of ten days’ 
time. The following table shows the direction and average velocity of the wind, 
and the recorded performance of the mill, giving the number of gallons pumped 


daily, the record being taken at 8 Aa. M. each day. 


TABLE NO. 4. 


From 8 A. M. TO 8 A. M. ON THE FOLLOWING DATES : 


|| Revolutions Made. \ Gallons Pumped. | ad St aaa General Direction. 
Feb. 2 to 3 | 11,308 } 2,768 | Tis | WwW. 
Core 4 | 10,054 | 2,461 ! 10.4 N. 
ee Aeros | 19,462 | 4,764 | 12.3 | N. 
SRS CEG A 3,010" val 739 ie 9.2 | S. W. 
feeO. ofa 4,024 | 985 ie Ss. W 
Ran ty MR | 20,203 | 4,945 | 12.6 ean oa VV ee 
(arm ee oe ge eke | S,893) .. | 2,177 I) 10.7 PENG roe 
Oo Pa Co) | 22,122 | 7,863 13.5 E 
TS ee } 21,735 | 5,320 16.5 Wik 
eg dete 1 ee 1 24,338 1 5,958 | ieee een N. W. 


Average number of revolutions per day, 15,515. 


Average number of gallons pumped per day, 3,791. 


This test is conclusive proof that the conformation of the ground about the wind- 
mill location had a great deal to do with the effective working of the machine, for 
although this windmill was high above the immediately surrounding wind obstruc- 
tions, it is seen that the wind from one point gave very little result; the same 
velocity from other points gave good results. Compare the record on the fifth and 


sixth with other days. 


A location of this kind is very unusual; ordinarily a mill will average the same 
amount of work in the same velocity of wind, no matter from what direction it 
comes, but in order to ensure results, it is well to study carefully the proposed 
location and provide for its peculiarities. We cannot too strongly recommend 
erecting as high a tower as is practicable, thus placing the mill above the eddying 
ground currents. 


16 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY. 


10-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 2,200-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank on 
84-Foot Tower, 


Erected on Estate of SAMUEL HASTINGS, Esq., Dover, Mass. 


This outfit is in continuous service throughout the year, supplying water from a dug well for 
general domestic purposes. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. Ve 


The Eclipse Pumping Windmill. 


The Eclipse windmill was first built in 1867, and its distinctive feature in com- 
parison with other mills is that it was the Original Solid Wheel Self-Regulating 
Wind Engine. Its plan of construction and method of regulation made it an entire- 
ly distinct type of self-regulating windmill, of which the solid wheel represents more 
than three quarters of the windmills now made. ‘There are practically only two 
types of self-regulating windmills offered for sale, and of these two classes the 
solid wheel variety easily takes the lead, because it combines more advantages 
than those using the sectional, or centrifugal, method of regulation. The solid 
wheel mill is one which reduces the number of its working parts to the arrange- 
ment consistent with the highest efficiency, and at the same time utilizes to best 
advantage the power of the wind surface in its wheel. The centrifugal regulating, 
or sectional, windmill is lacking in both these important particulars. For compari- 
son of these points see chapter on ‘¢ The Method of Regulation of the Eclipse Mill.’” 

The Eclipse is the standard windmill of the world to-day, and the large number 
of solid wheel windmills now made claim especial merit from some of the working 
principles of the Eclipse, but in no other are so many valuable and important 
features combined as in the original solid wheel mill. Having been longer in the 
field than others of this type it has had the advantage of improvement in details by 
men of the largest and widest experience, and the present model is better fitted to 
meet the demands of a durable pumping machine than we have ever before offered. 
Its parts are thoroughly adjusted to all the varying conditions of wear and strain 
which the wide range of wind power involves, and its long and successful use is 
direct evidence that it is a machine perfectly adapted to the service for which it 
is intended. It has been applied to every purpose for which a windmill can be 
used in all quarters of the globe, and is the standard windmill adopted by the U.S. 
government for service at its navy yards, forts, and other institutions. 

In all this wide experience, under every kind of weather conditions, with vary- 
ing loads, being erected by and left in the charge of men of widely varying charac- 
teristics and training, in all climates, it has proven itself a thoroughly satisfactory 
and efficient windmill, and the testimony of a constantly increasing demand for our 
goods is evidence of the impression made upon our patrons by its use. We shall 
endeavor to maintain the high standard of the Eclipse in the future, and so far as 
improvement can be made, will take every care to keep the machine as nearly 
perfect in its working arrangement as it is possible to build it. 


PRICE LIST OF ECLIPSE PUMPING WINDMILL. 


Diameter. Shipping Weight. Price. 
10, DeeE. | 510 Lbs. $ 75.00 
Lys | 670), <* 100.00 
14 OC Ih Béepeeye) OG 165.00 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


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174 High St., Boston, Mass. 19 


The Method in the Regulation in the Eclipse Mill. 


The operation of our principle involves the use of a wind wheel, side vane and 
flexible rudder, so arranged as to act automatically together. Referring to cut No. 3, 
a front view of the mill will be seen, showing the wheel and side vane (which is 
attached to the same casting as the wheel), and moves it around out of the wind 
into a position parallel with the rudder, thus getting out of the way of, and present- 
ing no resistance to, the wind. In this position the mill is without strain, as its 
operation is the same as that of a door, which, when it blows open, relieves itself 
of all strain by swinging away from a position facing the wind, to one in which 
it is edgewise to the wind. As the gale dies down the wheel is brought back 
into working position by the automatic action of the weight, the resistance of 
which increases as the rudder and the wheel approach, and decreases as they 
recede, thus maintaining the uniform speed of the wheel and preventing it from 
stopping entirely in very high winds. This is on the same principle that a gate 
will shut itself automatically if hung in connection with a weight. 


Cut 4. 


The adjustment of the varying influences of this weight to the demands of a 
windmill regulator, is a matter which is the result of years of study and experience. 
We call particular attention to this feature in the Eclipse mill. The wheel is held 
into the wind by the weight, No. 13, on the weight bar, No. 26, shown in cut of 
working parts on the twenty-second page. As the pressure of a heavy wind carries 
the wheel out of its working position through the influence of the side vane, the 
weight, No. 13, and weight bar, No. 26, are raised by the gears, No. 14 and No. 19, 
to a horizontal position, at which point the influence of the weight, No. 13, is the 
greatest it can develop under normal conditions, because it is farthest from the ful- 
crum of the lever it acts upon. At the same time the side vane and wheel are 
presenting the least possible surface to the wind, making the regulating arrangement 
extremely well adapted to the ordinary wind changes. But this arrangement alone 
is not sufficient to control the windmill perfectly in very high gales, as the varia- 
tions in wind velocity are extreme in severe weather, and it is just at these times 
that all other windmills suffer most severely from such incomplete governing 
arrangements as we have so far described. The improvement over all others in the 
Eclipse lies in the arrangement of the gears forming the fulcrum through which the 


20 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


14-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 8,200-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank, on 32- 
Foot Framed and Rodded Tower. 


Erected on Estate of THOMAS H. JOLLIFFE, Esq., Charles River, Mass. 
The well, located directly under the plant, is 200 feet deep; the cylinder ts placed at a depth of 


180 feet. The above supplies all the water used for the 
house, stable, greenhouse and gardens. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 2] 


weight, No. 13, and weight bar, No. 26, exert their control over the windmill’s 
movements. Note that the gears, No. 19 and No. 14, are built eccentric, that is, 
the distance from the centre of the gear to the end of the teeth decreases as the 
windmill wheel is swung out of the wind, thus increasing the influence of the 
weighted lever by shortening the length of the fulcrum it acts upon, so that it is 
impossible to carry the wheel out of the wind by a sudden gust so quickly as to jar 
the working parts and endanger them. The actual result of this combination is to 
make the wheel exceedingly sensitive to a dangerous wind pressure; it will recede 
from the wind instantly and very rapidly up to the point where further motion in 
this direction would cause undue strain upon the regulating parts, and it then 
adjusts itself to the wind easily, because of the advantages of the eccentric gear 
connection. This increase in the influence of the weight bar in the Eclipse over 
that on other mills results in an increase in its pumping capacity, because it is held 
to effective work in winds that are so strong as to entirely shut off insufficiently 
regulated windmills. This means that the wearing parts of the Eclipse must be 
made more durable than in other mills to provide for this extra service, details of 
which are fully described on the twenty-third page. The speed of the wheel or its 
adjustment to the work required is regulated by moving the weight, No. 13, up on 
the weight bar, No. 26, or by moving the side vane in toward the centre of the 
wheel, thus varying their leverage. This double regulation of the Eclipse wind- 
mill is one of the elements entering into the practical application of the machine to 
widely varying loads, that has won for it enduring praise. No other windmill 
combines in its mechanism a simple combination of parts, with such efficiency in 
governing. 


Comparing Other Methods of Regulation with the Eclipse. 


Other mills using side vanes have only a simple lever and weight, or a combina- 
tion of levers and weights, which are designed to properly govern their speeds, but 
the inherent faults of a single-weighted lever, without eccentric connection, are only 
multiplied by these combinations. Such mills do not usually provide for any 
adjustment of the side vane, which limits their capacities to the light loads taken 
care of by their inferior governing devices. Other solid wheel windmills, which 
dispense with the side vane, endeavor to make a substitute for it by placing the 
main vane, or rudder, to one side of the centre of the wheel, thus having more of 
the wheel surface on one side of the vane than on the other. This makeshift in- 
volves a double loss, in that the wheel is never squarely presented to the wind when 
at work, and the side draft of its fans, because of this construction, consumes 
power that should be applied to the pump. But the vital defect in these mills is 
the lack of complete regulation due to a simple lever and weight alone. 

The centrifugal, or sectional, wheels are faulty in principle because they must 
receive the whole force of the wind to enable them to get up speed so that the 
governor can operate, a defect which makes them subject to excessive strain and 
wear. They require a very complicated mechanism for their regulating device, 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 
THE ECLIPSE PUMPING WINDMILL. 


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174 High St., Boston, Mass. 23 


which, when worn, is entirely unreliable, and a failure in any one part, due to 
wear, throws upon the other parts strains for which they are not intended, resulting 
in damage to the windmill if not constantly cared for. Their principle of regula- 
tion necessitates the loss of wind surface in the shape of the wheel fans, so that 
while a 10-ft. Eclipse presents sixty-eight square feet of working surface to the 
wind, the 10-ft. sectional has only sixty-two. The 10-ft. Eclipse, when out of the 
wind, presents but three and one-half square feet to a gale, the sectional wheel 
showing nine and one half. In the matter of simplicity of regulating parts, the 
10-ft. Eclipse has no joint in the wheel, the sectional wheel of the same size having 
forty-two joints to wear, rattle and break loose, the rest of the regulating mechanism 
in the sectional mill, outside of its wheel, being no simpler than in the Eclipse. 
For simplicity and efficiency the Eclipse method of regulation has been thoroughly 
tested and is unexcelled, combining as it does all of the advantages without includ- 
ing any of the defects of other windmills. 


Construction of the Pumping Mill. 


The general principle upon which the Eclipse windmill is made up is that of 
building to the best advantage, meeting all requirements and taking care that every 
element of value shall have its proper function in the operation of the machine. 
Referring to the cut, it will be seen that when the wheel is in the wind the vane 
and the wheel shaft are in line, so that the wheel surface is presented squarely to 
the wind, yielding the full power of its fans to its load. Again, when it is out of 
the wind, only the edge of the wheel is presented to a wind pressure, thus reliev- 
ing it of all strain. The working parts of the mill are mounted upon one pivot 
casting, this being a combination of wrought and cast iron, making a rigid and firm 
support for the lighter parts. Note that the wrought-iron tube in the pivot casting, 
No. 1, extends down into the tower from the turntable, No. 17, to a sufficient dis- 
tance to give the mill a firm bearing, preventing any rocking of the machine on the 
tower in heavy winds. The turntable consists of two lathe-finished surfaces, and 
the great length of the pivot casting in the tower makes this a very sensitive bear- 
ing in light winds. It has been adopted after using so-called frictionless balls and 
rollers at this point, which were abandoned because they wore flat, or uneven, in a 
very short time, making them worse than useless for this purpose. We gave this 
ball-bearing construction a most thorough test, using the best materials obtainable. 
We found that no balls can be made which will stand the pounding strain of the 
pumping stroke without wearing flat, but our present construction is durable and 
has never failed to give good results. Some makers still cling to the obsolete 
ball bearing, in direct opposition to the best judgment and experience of competent 
millwrights; an inexperienced customer may sometimes be led to believe that 
a ball bearing on a windmill is a good thing because it appears to be what it is 
not, and to purchase the mill on what prove to be misleading claims. The 
lower guide, No. 18, is adjustable, so that the windmill can be kept in line with 
its work at all times. The main bearing and upper guide are lined with Babbitt 
metal, which is the most satisfactory bearing for this purpose known to mechanics ; 


24 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


19-foot Eclipse Windmill, and 5,000-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank, on 28-foot 
Framed and’ Rodded Tower. 


Erected at Estate of FRANCIS BACON, Esq., Wayland, Mass. 


The Windmill pumps water from a driven well 60 ft. deep, 450 ft. distant. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. D5 


it can be very cheaply replaced when worn, after years of hard usage. The wear- 
ing surfaces are all machine finished, and every mill is set up before leaving the 
factory. The tail gate, No. 3, supporting the main vane, is heavy and strong 
and has wide finished surfaces where it swings on the pivot casting. The vane and 
side vane bars are wrought-iron tubes, instead of decaying wood used on other 
mills, and are the strongest possible shape for their requirements. The vane bar 
is trussed in all directions to meet its strains, thus permitting the use of an extra 
long and large vane, which guides the wheel perfectly. 

The pitman, No. 10, is made of rock maple; this is more durable than metal in 
this place, because it will stand more abuse and neglect. We have tried metal 
pitmans of various kinds and find the above much superior. The weight bar is 
made of wrought iron, strongly braced. The swivel, No. 11, is machine finished, 
perfectly adapted to its purpose, being a decided improvement on the ball and 
socket joints used on other mills. The iron work of the Eclipse windmill is from 
thirty to fifty per cent. heavier than others offered in this market. 

The wooden parts of the mill are designed to resist the weather and maintain 
their shape under the strains brought upon them. The vane and side vane are 
thoroughly built, and are held in their positions on the mill in a substantial manner. 

The wheel is built as strongly as it is possible to put wood and iron together ; 
the spider, or hub, casting having long, deep sockets to receive the arms, the braces 
from the end of the wheel shaft forming a truss with the arms. These braces are 
much heavier than are commonly used; on a 10-ft. Eclipse they are one inch wide 
by one-quarter inch thick, while other manufacturers are using three-eighths inch 
rods. The girts supporting the fans, or wheel slats, are short, thick ribs, having 
width sufficient to allow the slats to be deeply received in the slots cut for that pur- 
pose, thus holding them in perfect alignment. The slats in the Eclipse wheel are 
wider and present more wind surface than in any other solid wheel mill. The castings 
fastening the girts to the wheel arms enclose the joints and are recessed deeper than 
would seem necessary ; this is to hold the woodwork firmly, and to provide for the 
bolts passing through the wood and locking the whole firmly together. When thus 
put together the sections cannot be blown out by the wind. 

Such construction ensures a long life to the wheel, because the jarring, pounding 
strain of a pump is fully provided for, the wheel is solid, having no loose joints, 
the straight girts take this pounding strain in the line of their greatest strength, 
thoroughly bracing the wheel. Other mills using bent girts in their wheel, because 
they are cheaper and their narrower wheel slats can be easily supported therein, 
lose the advantage of this braced girt, the result of the pumping strain being the 
springing of the bent girts and the loosening of the wheel slats, and their prema- 

‘ture loss. The Eclipse windmill is, in design and. construction, the result of 
thorough and painstaking work. 


26 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


12-foot Eclipse Windmill on S6-foot Spiked Tower. 


Erected for the TALBOT DYE AND CHEMICAL WORKS, North Billerica, Mass. 


This Windmill was erected in 1877, and has been in continuous service since that time, supplying 
the water used in these works. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


no 
~l 


Comparative Merits of the Steel and Wooden Windmills. 


Within a few years past there has been introduced to the trade the steel 
windmill, in which the fans and vane are made of sheet steel, and by means 
of extensive advertising, and other methods, the general public is informed that 
the steel windmill is far superior to those made of wood. The prospective 
purchaser is advised, on the other hand, to use only a wooden wheel, and 
between the arguments for both types of windmills he is sometimes at a loss to 
know how to decide which is really the best. We will endeavor here to show 
clearly the facts which present themselves to an expert, in comparing these mills. 
Taking up the steel windmill, first we note that the use of sheet steel involves the 
use of wide wheel fans, because if made narrow, like the wooden fans, they would 
not have sufficient strength, and if made heavy enough to be strong in a narrow 
width, the whole weight of the machine would make its use impracticable for a 
windmill, and its cost would prohibit its general use. The use of a light weight 
of sheet metal enables the builder to get out a very low-priced machine, seeming to 
combine many advantages. The great width of the fans in a steel wheel necessitates 
placing them at a comparatively flat angle to the wind, in order to reduce the 
displacement of the wheel in its rotation, such displacement having, of course, a 
retarding influence on its movements. This flattening of the sail angle to the wind, 
results in the speed of the steel wheel being accelerated when compared with the 
speed of a wheel having narrower fans and presenting a sharper sail angle to the 
wind, on the well-known turbine principle that a flat or obtuse angle gives a high 
speed at a consequent loss of power, while a sharp or acute angle gives a slow speed 
with the greatest power, from wind pressure. In other words, speed is obtained 
at the expense of power; thcre seems to be a good deal of confusion in re- 
gard to this point. Having a certain power or force in the velocity of the wind 
at a given moment, the problem is to apply this power to the work in the most 
effective manner. It is obvious that neither a broad fan nor a narrow fan wind- 
mill can produce more power from the wind than is actually there, but the results 
in actual work done will show conclusively the real power value of the two methods 
of construction. The great velocity of the steel wheel must be reduced, as the 
valves of a windmill pump are not designed to be operated at a high speed, and 
would soon become worthless if so used. To accommodate the speed of the wheel 
to this requirement, a set of gears is connected between the wheel shaft and the 
pump rod, so that the best results are obtained by making the wheel move two and 
one-half to three and one-half times as fast as the pump. This enables the wind- 
mill to run the pump on a somewhat longer stroke than is usual with a wooden 
wheel of the same size. The wooden wheel is connected to the pump so as to move 
the pump plunger as fast as the wheel revolves, or the plunger makes a complete 
pumping stroke for every revolution of the wheel. The governing arrangement 
of the two types of mills being similar, it remains now to compare their durability 
and performance. 


13) 
(oe) 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


12-foot Eclipse Junior Windmill and 3,200-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank on 
35-Foot Framed and Rodded Tower. 


Erected at GLENWOOD CEMETERY, Everett, Mass. 


This Windmill pumps water from a driven well 50 ft. deep, supplying water used at the 
cemetery. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 29 


First, as to durability of the fans and vanes, these parts being exposed to the 
weather wear only : — It has been found necessary to galvanize the sheet metal to 
protect it, as painting does not prevent rust. The experience with galvanizing 
has not had time to show conclusive results, but the present indications are that 
but little better service may be expected than from paint. The sheet metal bends 
more or less in heavy winds, resulting in a loosening of the galvanizing coating, 
leaving the iron to be rusted by the dampness of the air. Particularly is this damp- 
ness destructive on the sea coast and in low, marshy places. The wooden wheel 
and vane have stood the weather exposure perfectly, since their coating of paint 
permeates the fibre of the wood, and there are wooden mills in use to-day that have 
been exposed to weather for fifteen years without having been painted since they 
were first erected. There are others that have been painted regularly at intervals of 
about three years that have been in use twenty-five years, to which we will refer on 
application. As to the durability of the working parts :—The steel windmills move 
their wheel shaft very much faster and their pump shaft somewhat more slowly than 
the wooden mills, and have a much more complicated mechanism because of the inter- 
mediate gears to reduce the speed of the machine. The high speed of the wheel 
shaft makes it necessary to oil this bearing much oftener than the other parts, and 
the friction of the gears involves wear that cannot well be avoided. The damage, 
due to neglect, to high-speed bearings is much more serious than to a low-speed 
bearing carrying a much heavier load, and it is in the neglect of the working parts 
that the steel windmill is most likely to be injured, and the experience of the last 
five years goes to show that their working parts are necessarily of very short life. 
So serious a matter has this become in some of the steel windmills of crude design, 
that it has been deemed advisable to use a graphite bearing, for which is claimed 
great durability, and absolutely no attention whatever, not even oiling: we have 
never seen one of these windmills that did not require oiling when in actual service. 
Our own steel mill is provided with Babbitt metal bearings, fitted with proper 
facilities for oiling. 

In a wooden windmill the working parts move slowly, and are much heavier in 
proportion to their load than in the steel mills, the strains are more evenly dis- 
tributed, and there is no one bearing requiring more attention than another, the ex- 
perience of years enabling this adjustment to be made to the best advantage, and it 
has never been found necessary to provide self-oiling makeshifts for a properly con- 
structed wooden windmill. The secret of the great durability of a wooden wind- 
mill’s mechanism is due to its slow movement, the very slight wear being the 
natural result to be expected from machinery proportioned to its requirements on 
the best mechanical principles. As to actual pumping capacity, there is a wide 
difference in the claims made, but the facts can be deduced from the following 
observations : — A 12-foot diameter Eclipse mill, in three revolutions, moves its 
pump piston thirty-six inches, and a 12-foot steel wheel, in the same number of turns, 
sixteen inches. In actual practice the same diameter of plunger is used, but the steel 
windmill has a stroke of eight inches, while the wooden mill uses only a six-inch 
stroke. The claim is made for the steel mill that they will operate larger pumps than 
the same diameter of a wooden mill, but in practice this is never done. Taking, then, 
the above statement of the movement of the pump piston, the steel windmill must 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


30 


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174 High St., Boston, Mass. ol 


revolve six and three-fourths times as fast as the wooden wheel to do the same work. 
This is impossible, for several reasons, the first of which is, that only in very high 
winds, such as are dangerous for a windmill, can these speeds be attained ; then there 
is not so much wheel surface in a steel windmill as in a wooden wheel, and its value 
for power does not begin to compare with that of a wooden wheel, because of the 
flat angle of its sails. The speed and power of a windmill wheel are determined 
entirely by the angle and width of its sails, and in the Eclipse the combination is 
the result of exhaustive research and experiment, yielding maximum results. 
There is one claim made for the steel wheel that is most deceptive to the novice : — 
this is, the fact that it will run in a lighter wind than a wooden wheel. This 
is true, and we call particular attention to the fact that the pump piston cannot 
be packed so tight as to pump water when moving slowly, without causing very 
great wear on the cylinder, and consuming great power, because of the friction. 
A pump connected to a steel mill, running in a wind so light that a wooden mill 
will not move, is of course being moved one third as fast as its windmill wheel 
runs, a speed so slow as to preclude the possibility of pumping any water, 
simply because the pump plunger would have to be packed so tight to throw 
water at this slow speed that the friction would consume the whole power of the 
wheel in this light air, and if loose enough to be moved in this light breeze, it is 
too loose to pump. Right here is the important point: the wooden mill moves its 
pump piston fast enough to throw some water until the wind velocity ceases to 
yield power enough for pumping, the steel mill keeps on turning idly and serves no 
useful purpose, wearing its parts needlessly, appearing to do what it does not. 
Taken altogether, experience and observation show conclusively that the wooden 
windmill is more durable and efficient than the steel windmill as now made. 


oo 
bho 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


The Eclipse Junior Windmill. 


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PRICE LIST. ECLIPSE JUNIOR MILLS. 


DIAMETER. SHipPpING WEIGHT. | PRICE. 

| 
Gs eck tie 200n.2Ds- | $25.00 
Siler 2805 ee | 35-00 
TOA 400) © | 45.00 
Peron: 600 +“ | 60.00 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 33 


The Eclipse Junior is introduced to meet the demand for a durable and efficient 
windmill, of less expensive construction than the Eclipse, built in such a manner 
as to insure satisfactory results at a minimum cost. We call attention to some 


valuable features of its makeup. 


It is a strongly built machine, and its mechanism is so arranged as to utilize 


the power of the wheel in the most efficient manner. 


All wearing parts of the mill are so fitted that they are readily put together 
and taken apart, making the machine one that can be erected by any mechanic 
without special tools, and when worn, these parts can be easily replaced without 


disturbing such pieces as are not subject to wear. 


The power of the wheel is applied in a direct line through the vertical centre 
of the mill to the pump, thus avoiding the shock and vibrating strain to the pump 


rod, incident to all mills using an offset in the pump connection. 


Provision is made for both long and short strokes; it is thus equally adapted 


to either deep or shallow wells. 


Its construction is simple; there are fewer wearing parts in this mill than 
others; all these parts are provided with long and large bearings, which insure 


safe and economical wear. 


The woodwork is unexcelled in quality by any excepting the Eclipse, the wheel 


and braces being the same. 


The bar carrying the governing weight is of iron, instead of wood as in many 
other makes; note the geared connection between the weight bar and vane, making 


the best possible arrangement for this purpose. 


The pole-connection swivel is adjustable to wear, and can be kept in perfect 


working condition. 


The turntable and guide at the head of the tower are the same in this mill as in 


the Eclipse, insuring freedom of movement, and perfect regulation at all times. 


The vane is provided with our adjustable wrought-iron brace, which properl 
if J g , Vi 


supports the same and prevents the sagging tendency so often seen. 


This windmill is particularly adapted to the wants of small farms and market 


gardeners, and we recommend it as a reliable machine. 


34 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


16-Foot Eclipse Windmill on 100-Foot Tower. 
Erected on Estate of Hon. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, Waltham, Mass. 


This Mill operates a 4.x 8 double-acting Eclipse pump, figure 50, drawing water from three 50-foot 
driven wells, and forcing it into a 80,000-gallon frost-proofed tank. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


(Se) 
Or 


THE ECLIPSE RAILROAD PUMPING WINDMILL. 


Railroad companies require the most severe and exacting service of windmills, 
as they must have a reliable supply of water; those we make to meet this demand 
are heavily constructed, and are designed to stand hard and continuous service 
without serious wear. The demands of public institutions, small towns, and 
isolated communities for a water-supply system that will be of practically no ex- 
pense for maintenance, are fully met by the use of our larger sizes of windmills in 
connection with a suitable service for storage. 

The cut on this page gives a quartering view of the Railroad Pumping Windmill, 
showing its construction and general arrangement, and the substantial manner in 
which it is mounted on the 
tower; it also shows the 
position of the main and 


side vanes, relative to the a\\) 
wheel whenitis inthe wind. &y 


FAW 
<u 


\ 


iW 


Note that the parts are s 
mounted upon the heavy S 
main or pivot casting, rest- 
ing upon a hardened steel 
step at A,and held in line 
by the cap plate on top of 
posts. This construction 
keeps the working parts in 
perfect line, because they 
are all supported on one 
casting. 

The wheel is solidly 
built, having short,straight 
ribs to support the fans, 
its arms are thoroughly 
braced, and all joints are 
enclosed in castings, which 
are bolted together; thus 
it is capable of running at 
a high rate of speed with- 
out injury. The main and side vane bars are very strongly trussed, and all parts 
are designed to provide for any strain that may be brought upon them. Its work- 
ing parts are adjustable to wear, and can be easily replaced, but if cared for they 
will remain in perfect working order through many years of hard usage. 

Sectional Wheels regulating on the Centrifugal Principle, turning the sails on 
pivots to or from the wind, have 90 to 100 joints in the Wheel alone. These are 
constantly working, wearing, and becoming loose. A high speed cannot be 
obtained, as it would tear the Wheel to pieces. A few years of wear makes them 
noisy and unsightly. Their regulation is not as perfect as that of the Eclipse. 


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PRICE LIST OF THE ECLIPSE RAILROAD PUMPING WINDMILLS. 


Diameter. Shipping Weight. Length of Stroke. Price. 

16 Feet. err osonle bee 6 and 8 Inches. $280.00 
fel Ore 1,875 “ NG arr aT 8 yr 225.000 

ZOmEs Sane s i ph BER Tee ack 450.008. = 

Pe 5,000 ‘ IQA a a TORN OS 625.00 

BOI: 85500 *< Leta Geo. Ome! | g00.00 


36 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


30-Foot Eclipse Windmill on 100-Foot Framed and Rodded Tower. 


Erected at Cambridge, Mass., fer E. D. BROOKS, Esq. 


This Mill pumps water from an Artesian weil 280 feet deep, into storage tanks located on build- 


ing 80 feet above street level, for tenement-house supply. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. aes) 


TABLE OF DIFFERENCE IN A 22-FOOT ECLIPSE AND A 22-FOOT 
SECTIONAL WHEEL WINDMILL. 


Eclipse Mill. Section Mill. 
Wind-receiving and working surface in wind 352 Sq. Ft. 308 Sq. Ft. 
Wind-resisting surface presented when out of wind Oona 48 iE 
Revolutions per minute wheel can safely run 5Ol 25 ne 
Total number of pivots and joints in wheel None. g2 oe 


Partial List of Railroad Companies Using the Eclipse Railroad Windmill. 


Anniston & Cincinnati. 

Atchison & Nebraska. 

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. 
Baltimore & Ohio, Potomac Branch. 
Boston & Maine. 


Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern. 


Burlington & Missouri River. 
Burlington & Western. 

Canadian Pacific. 

Ceutral Branch of Union Pacific. 
Central Vermont. 

Chattaroi. 

Chicago & Northwestern. 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul. 
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. 
Chicago & Eastern Illinois. 
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific. 
Chicago, St. Paul, Minn. & Omaha. 
Chicago & Paducah. 

Chicago, Pekin & Southwestern. 
Chicago & West Michigan. 
Cincinnati & Hocking Valley. 
Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan. 
Columbus & Hocking Valley. 
Central Iowa Railway. 

Denver & South Park. 

Des Moines & Fort Dodge. 

Des Moines, Osceola & Southern. 
Detroit, Lansing & Northern. 
Dubuque & Dakota. 

East Line. 

Flint & Pere Marquette. 

Fort Scott, Southeastern & Memphis. 
Fremont, Elkhorn & Missouri Valley. 


Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio. 
Green Bay & Minnesota. 

Gulf, West Texas & Pacific. 
Houston & Texas Central. 
Humeston & Shenandoah. 
lllinois Central. 

lowa Central & Northwestern. 
Kansas City, Fort Scott & Gulf. 
Kansas Pacific. 

Keokuk & St. Louis. 
Louisiana Western. 
Louisville, Cincinnati & Lexington. 
Louisville, New Albany & St. Louis. 
Maine Central. 

Minneapolis & St. Louis. 

Missouri, Kansas & Texas. 
Newport & Wickford. 

New York, New Haven & Hartford. 
Northern Pacific. 

Oregon Ry. & Navigation Co. 
Owensboro & Nashville. 

Paris & Decatur. 

Peoria & Farmington. 

Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis. 
Port Huron & Northwestern. 

Rich Hill. 

St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba. 
St. Paul & Duluth. 

St. Louis, Hannibal & Keokuk. 

St. Louis & San Francisco. 
Southern Pacific. 

Southern Kansas. 

Union Pacific. 

Wheeling & Lake Erie. 


Some Public Institutions and Corporations using the Eclipse Railroad 
Windmill. 


Winchester Water Works, Winchester, Mass. Belknap County Farm, Laconia, N. H. 

Mass. State Almshouse, Tewksbury, Mass. Strafford County Farm, Dover, N. H. 

Dedham Town Farm, Dedham, Mass. Consolidated Light and Power Co., Dover, N. H. 
Andover Theological Seminary, Andover, Mass. U.S. Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H. 

Baptist Theological Seminary, Andover, Mass. Maine Agricultural College, Orono, Me. 

D. L. Moody’s Boys’ School, Northfield, Mass. Sanford Light and Power Company, Sanford, Me. 
Hillsborough County Farm, Wilton, N. H. U. S. Naval Station, Newport, R. 1. 

Manchester City Farm, Manchester, N. H. State Board of Charities, Howard, R. I. 
Manchester Street Railway, Manchester, N. H. Manhansett Improvement Co., Shelter Island, N.Y. 


38 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


8-Foot Fairbanks Galvanized Steel Windmill on 40-Foot Galvanized Steel 
Tower. 


Erected on Estate of JOHN B. ANTHONY, Esq., City Mills, Mass. 


Supplying water for stock farm and residence. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 39 


THE FAIRBANKS STEEL WINDMILL. 


Our steel windmills are made under the supervision of the builders of the 
Eclipse, and nothing has been left undone to make them as perfect as is 
possible in every part. In the arrangement of working parts and in the principle 


f 


of regulation it has been our care 
to make the most of the capa- 
bilities of this form of windmill 
construction. 


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Our experience with this 
machine in widely varying tests, 
gives us entire confidence in its 
superior qualities as a durable and 
efficient steel windmill. The 
wheel fans are made of sheet stcel, 
rolled on a special curve to give 
them strength, and the outer ends 
are corrugated; that is, it has a 
strengthening rib, rolled in the 
metal, giving an additional stiff- 
ness possessed by no other steel 
wheel. The arms are flat steel, 
so shaped as to brace each other, 
Price: 8-Foot Galvanized Mill, $30.00. and they are longer than those 


used in other mills of this type; this carries the outer rim, supporting the fans, 
well out from the centre of the wheel, making the projecting end of the fan 
shorter and consequently stiffer, than in other makes. 

The vane is very strongly built of steel, corrugated on its edges, and, having 
cross-braces over its whole width, is not likely to be twisted or warped out of 
shape in heavy winds. It is very long and wide, having complete control of the 
movement of the mill on its turntable. The vane bar is a galvanized wrought- 


40 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


10-Foot Eclipse Windmill on 40-Foot Galvanized Steel Tower. 
Erected on stock farm of CHAS. A. KING, Esq., Mattapoisett, Mass. 


Supplying all the water used for farming and dairy purposes. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 41 


iron tube, one inch in diameter, which is further supported with a three-quarter 
‘nch brace of the same material. We know of no stronger vane on any steel 
mill in the market. 

The mill is governed by a lever and weight, in conjunction with a spring which 
serves as a buffer to relieve the mill from shock or jar in heavy winds. This 
spring is adjustable and the weight can be shifted on its bar, so that the mill 
will pump in heavy as well as in light winds. We have never known the 
regulating device on this mill to fail in any particular. 

The bearings of this mill are long and heavy and are lined with Babbitt metal 
which can be easily renewed when worn. Graphite bearings will be furnished, if 
ordered, but their use is not recommended. 

The working parts are strong and well proportioned, heavy where strength is 
required, and light where it is possible to use such without impairing the durability 
of the machine. These mills are designed to move quickly and with as little friction 
as possible. Many offered in this market are of crude design, their working parts 
are out of proportion to their loads, in some details having a clumsy overweight 
and in others a lack of material. The mechanical details of the construction of the 
Fairbanks are such as to commend themselves to competent judges. 

Particular attention is called to the fact that the wheel revolves on a stationary 
shaft, making this bearing a self oiler; the wheel hub has a space on the inside 
between the bearings which forms a reservoir that can be filled with oil, and as the 
hub turns on the shaft this oil is automatically distributed to the bearings: these 
are usually the most severely taxed of any on the mill. We know of no more 
practical oiling arrangement than this for the purpose. The pitman and pump rod 
are connected with a rocker arm in such a manner as to make the lift a direct one 
on the pump plunger, thus avoiding all side draft and loss of power from compli- 
cated guides and connecting rods. The work of pumping is done on the up stroke, 
and the rocker arm connection distributes this load over nearly two thirds of the 
revolution of the crank-pin, making the mill run very evenly. This enables us to 
gear the mill so that the wheel turns only two and one-half times to one stroke of 
the pump, resulting in the greatest average movement of the pump plunger in a 
given velocity of wind. We galvanize all our mills after they are built, thus pro- 
tecting them from the weather much more effectually than it is possible to do with 
paint. All parts are interchangeable, and can be replaced by any mechanic without 
difficulty. We have noticed that steel mills are usually built so that repairs 
are difficult to make, and if one part is worn it is often necessary to buy a 
large part of the machine to repair it; this is a feature that has been carefully 
guarded against in the Fairbanks, and will be appreciated by a customer, 


42 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


12-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 2,200-Gallon Frost=-Proofed Tank on 
SO-Foot Enclosed Tower, 


Erected on Estate of CHARLES L. HILDRETH, Esq., Westford, Mass. 


This Mill pumps water from an Artesian well 98 feet deep, supplying the buildings and ‘grounds. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 48 


Towers for Windmills. 


Unlike most other machinery, the windmill is not ready for operation when 
sold. A most important feature of its arrangement is yet to be provided before 
it is ready for use. It must be erected on a substantial and properly constructed 
tower. At least three things enter into the question of the proper erection of a 
windmill tower, of which the first is a sufficient amount of material. Nothing is 
poorer economy than to cut the bill of lumber for the tower down so low as to 
make it insufficient for supporting the mill: by supporting the mill we do not mean 
its strength to hold the mill up against storms, but its ability to hold firmly against 
the strain and concussion produced by the working of the pump. It should be 
borne in mind that every revolution of the crank shaft throws the whole weight of 
the pumping strain onto the windmill tower, and this strain is the nature of a 
‘«s hammer stroke,” producing concussion and jar. A mill, therefore, that is insufhi- 
ciently supported by a tower will, under the continued ‘ ‘pumping pound” produced 
by its working, severely strain and wear its parts. 

A customer who goes to the expense of getting a good mill should not 
begrudge the last few dollars that would be necessary to insure his mill 
against the injurious effects of a weak and shaky tower. For the same reason it 
is important that the tower be put together according to proper rules. The 
lumber schedule may provide abundant material, but if that material is not placed 
where it will do the most good, the tower will be inadequate. 

One of the general rules to be observed in the erection of the tower, is that 
its truss braces should begin with the tops of the anchor posts, and thus relieve the 
corner posts of the tower from excessive strain and jar, which would otherwise be 
brought upon them at that point. 

The truss braces should be made the same on all sides of the tower. Many, in 
order to economize material, will cross-lath one side of the tower in order to make 
it serve the double function of a ladder and bracing of the tower. This makes 
one side of the tower weak, which will inevitably cause it to warp out of plumb 
and in the direction of its weak points. The ladder should be a separate thing 
from the tower braces, and should continue on the outside of the tower from top 
to bottom. Other features might be mentioned as entering into a properly 
constructed tower, but the most important consideration is that the tower should 
be plumb, and be so located over the pump that the pumping strain of the mill 
shall be down the central line of the tower. This implies, of course, that the 
tower shall be properly framed, properly put together, properly located, and when 
all is finished, shall stand square and plumb with itself and with all its work. 

Here we would answer, in passing, an incidental question often asked by our 
customers: ‘¢Should a windmill tower be painted when erected?” This question 
we almost uniformly answer in the negative. Most tower stuff is more or less 
green when put together: any paint that would be of value if put on at once, 
would shut in the sappy acids so as to produce a dry rot that would eat out the 
strength of the timber. 


44 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


Our recommendation is, that the tower should be painted from three to six 
months after it is erected, and then treated with a good priming coat of lead and oil. 

Another important element in a suitable tower is, that it shall be high enough 
to lift the windmill to where the wind shall act freely and unobstructedly upon it. 
The obstructions, therefore, near the proposed location of the mill, will determine 
its height. If the site is clear and unobstructed by surrounding buildings, trees, 
etc, the tower need be comparatively low. If such obstructions do exist, the mill 
must be lifted above them by a correspondingly high tower, which will give the 
wheel the full and uninterrupted force of the wind. This is where a very common 
mistake is made. The great bulk of the windmill towers are built too low: many 
are put up in such a way that the mill is shut off from the wind on one or two or 
even on all sides. Mills under such circumstances are inoperative. They are also 
in danger, for when storms arise, they form by their surroundings the centre for 
whirlwinds and squalls, which are disastrous to them. In exposed places the 
windmills are put too low; it is usually assumed that if there are no obstructions, 
the lower the position, the steadier the wind, and hence the safer the machine ; but 
the very opposite is the case. The movement of the wind near the ground is of an 
undulating, eddying character, and does not become uniform or steady for some 
distance above the ground. 

Our own recommendation is that windmill towers should rarely be less than 
thirty-six feet high. 


Wooden Towers. 


The least expensive and most common towers used are what are termed 
‘« spiked” towers; these we ship with all posts and braces cut and fitted to the 
proper dimensions, ready to be nailed together, as shown on opposite page. These 
we build ordinarily of spruce or southern pine, planed on four sides, the latter 
being the most serviceable, but the spruce tower is as often used as the southern 
or hard pine. Anchor posts should be of a suitable material for the purpose, red 
cedar, locust, oak, chestnut and hard pine being available, red cedar being usually 
considered the most serviceable. With a properly framed tower there should be 
no hesitancy in adopting a wooden anchor post, as these can be very readily re- 
placed if premature decay sets in, without disturbing the tower and windmill. The 
prices for towers, as given below, do not include anchor posts, as these are usually 
furnished by local dealers in lumber, but we can provide for the same at cost if 
desired. We can furnish towers of any height, but the standard sizes are listed 
below, and are suitable for mills twelve feet or less in diameter. 


PRICE LIST OF WOODEN TOWERS. 


| | Spruce. Southern or Hard Pine. 
36 ft. high | $28.00 $39.00 
4o «6 32.00 45.00 
AO es eae: | 36.00 50.00 
SOs ons: ihe 45500 | 58.00 
60 « « 48.00 66.00 | 
ange at 54.00 75.00 


The above prices include all necessary nails and bolts. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 45 


Directions for Building. 


oA i < ill- First. — Splice the Corner Posts Jay them 
36 Ft. Spiked Tower for 10-Ft. Till side by side, and square them oft to length, as 


shown in left hana side of cut. 


Second.— Space off the Posts for the Braces, 
marking square across the four sticks at 
on¢e, according to the distance given in the 
cut. The first mark (5 feet from top of Sticks) 
is for top edge of Platform Sill, and for 10-ft. 
Mill (12-ft. Mill, see changes required); the 
second and third marks are for the top edges 
of the horizontal Girths. The fourth mark is 
for the lower point of first Brace or Cross. 
In building any height of Toweralways bring 
this first brace to within 4 feet of the ground, 
and always put the Platform Sill at the dis- 
tance from the top here given; the inter- 
mediate Crosses can be varied according to 
the height of Tower. After spacing cff, 
chamfer off that corner of each post which is 
to come on the inside. This is done so that 
the timbers will fit into the thimble sockets. 
(See end view ot Tower at the top oOfseut.) 
Lay out two of the sticks in the form of the 
A. Set the Tower thimble, No. 17, at the top, 
as shown in directions for Mill. Spike on the 
Platform Sill, 5 feet down from the top, make 
the distance across at. top of platform seven- 
teen inches, outside to outside. 


Third.— Spread the bottom of the A nine 
feet for a 36-ft. Tower, and nail a temporary 
stay lath to hold itin place. The rule for the 
pottom spread in all towers is one fourth the 
height. Tack on the girths, bringing the 
upper edge to the marks as before stated, 
use each of these Girths as a pattern to cut 
the other three by, two of which should be 
cut two inches longer than pattern to allow 
for lapping over the ends of the other two. 
Cut the diagonal braces, using the firstas a 
pattern to cut the other seven by, which be- 
long in the same section of the Tower as a 
pattern. On four of the diagonal Braces of 
each set allow an extrainch to lap over the 
ends of the other four to coverthe joints. To 
get length of diagonal Braces measure across 
between the horizontal Girths diagonally from 
one corner to the other, and rack the corner 
posts until the distance from one corner to 
the other each way are equal. Then scribe 
on diagonal Brace, using the first cut as a 
pattern for the other seven, allowing an 
extra inch on the end of four Braces, top and 
pottom in each section, for lap to cover up 
the joints on the other four. 

Proceed in the same manner with each 
seetion in the Tower, observing the follow- 
ing rule: that the diagonal Braces should 
all be of uniform length and cut, with the ex- 
ception of those on which allowance has 
been made for lap. The two braces which 
form the cross on each of the four sides of 
the Tower should be exactly alike, and the 
Tower posts racked out or in to accommo- 
date the joint. 

When the two ‘‘A’s” of the Tower are com- 
pleted, turn them up edgewise with Braces 
outside, and chamfer end for Tower thimble 
on the inside. Put in four bolts around the 
Thimble, No. 17, draw the four posts snug 
together and proceed to put the other two 
sets of Bracesand Girtson. Finish the Plat- 
form as shown in cut, and raise the Tower up 
bodily by pulleys and ropes, Before anchor- 
ing, level the Tower witha spirit level on the 
lower Girts. The Anchor-posts should be at 
least eight inches through at the bottom and 
go into the ground at least five feet, and have 
a cross-piece on bottom, so Tower cannot 
\ pull up or sink down. Never drive in the 
\ pe! Anchor-posts, but dig holes and set them 
ees down level. After building the ladder as 
H \ \ shown in the cut, nail it to side of Tower 

\e most convenient. Put the Mill together as 
shown in directions for mill. 


> 


ScALE %'=1' & 


‘ 
4 
H 


Change in Tower for 12-Ft. Jill. 
Place Thimble, No. 17, in itsplace, preparing the Tower same as jn 10-ft. Mill, only make Platform 6 feetdown 


from tops of Posts, and have the Posts 20 inches outside to outside at Platform, and 4x6 for Bottom Posts are 
generally used. 


46 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


Fairbanks Steel Towers. 


PRICE LIST OF STEEL TOWERS. 


HEIGHT. SHIPPING WEIGHT. PRICE. 
~ 30 ft. 500 lbs. $25.00 
(ON 3556s 590 * 30.50 
SB W@ & 700 * 36.00 
eS 50 * 930 « 45.50 
a 60 « 1220 * 60.00 
POO ORES 520 lbs. $33.50 
Nop es 600‘ 38.00 
& 40 « 720 « 43.50 
5 50 « 970 « 59.00 
7s 60“ 1270 «§ 74.00 
(e) 


These prices include GALVANIZED AN. 
CHOR POSTS for either painted or galyan- 
ized Towers. 


BRACING OF SECTIONS. 


eae 


| 


SECTION OF BR 


RNER 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. AZ 


These towers up to forty-six feet in height have four inches by four inches corner 
posts; above forty-six feet, four inches by six inches lower posts, and four inches 
by four inches upper. 

For the larger sizes of windmills we recommend what is known as a ‘* framed 
and rodded tower,” which is much stronger than a spiked tower; the braces are 
fitted and framed into the posts and the whole structure is bound together with iron 
rods in a very substantial manner. The corner posts usually rest on piers of 
brick or stone, to which they are anchored with iron rods; the cost of these towers 
varies with the details of the outfit, according to the size of the mill used, etc., 
and we will be pleased to furnish prices on same on application. 

For illustrations of framed and rodded tower, see pages eight and thirty-six ; 
also see towers for general mills, later. 


+--+ 


Steel Towers for Windmills. 

Referring to cut of our Fairbanks steel tower for 8 and 10-foot mills on opposite 
page, we direct attention to the fact that it has four corner posts, making a stronger 
arrangement than a tripod can be. It is built of best quality of angle steel, 
and has a strong and safe ladder, which is conveniently placed for access to the 
platform, and is far superior to the dangerous hooks or steps attached to one 
corner of the tower, which are so placed as to make it a risky operation to ascend 
the tower and climb over the edge of the platform to get to the mill. With our 
ladder and properly built platform, there is absolutely no danger from insecure 
footing, and the platform is bound with iron, making it very secure. The con- 
struction of this tower is such as to insure its long life, because it is properly put 
together. The tubular girts are stronger than a channel or an angle iron girt, 
and in the design of our braces we are far in advance of the ordinary construction. 
We use one-quarter, five-sixteenth, and three-eighth inch rods for braces, having a 
bulb of solid metal on both ends, which hook into the castings receiving the girts. 
The ordinary method of making the braces is to cut threads on their ends with 
nuts attaching them to the corner posts. These threads on such small rods cut 
away a large proportion of the metal, and they are sure to rust in a very short time, 
as they cannot be galvanized, making the tower unsafe. We cut threads on the 
girts right and left hand on either end, these screw into the castings attached to 
corner posts, and by turning the girts on these threads any desired tension is 
brought upon the braces, keeping the tower always stiff and firm. Threads on 
tubes of such large diameter, one inch and one and one-quarter inches, are not 
seriously affected by rust. 

This type of construction, which enables the owner to adjust the tension of 
the braces at all times, is one which is absolutely necessary to long life in the 
modern steel windmill tower. All our steel towers are designed to take both steel 
and wooden windmills; to attach a steel windmill to a wooden tower we furnish a 
short steel tower, which is shown below. ‘This is a very convenient and satisfactory 
device for the purpose, very much better than a single post for a steel mill, as by 
its use the risk of the wheel striking the post and thus injuring the fans is entirely 
eliminated. It is by far the most substantial and durable arrangement in the mar- 
ket, enabling the change from a wooden to a steel windmill to be made very easily. 


48 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


J 


10-Foot Eclipse Windmill and 2,200-Gallon Tank, above Building. 
Erected on Estate of H. F. COGGSHALL, Esq., Fitchburg, Mass. 


The Mill pumps water from a well 26 feet deep, for house, stable and barn uses. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 49 


— BLEVATION~— 


Cuts showing steel stub tower for steel windmill on wood tower, and method 


of attaching the same. 


Special Connections for Pumping Windmills. 


In some places the pump must be so located that the windmill cannot be set 
directly over it, and to communicate the motion of the windmill to the pump either 
a rockshaft or quadrant connection is used; cut of quadrant will be found on folder 
descriptive of fourteen-foot geared windmill. 

The rockshaft is the simpler arrangement of the two, and when properly made 
is in every way practically as good as a direct connection, the loss in power 
being very slight. Our rockshafts are made from special designs, are very heavy 
and durable, and we have never broken one in service. The quadrant connection 
is designed for use where the horizontal distance between mill and pump is more 
than sixty feet, and while very eflicient, its use is generally to be avoided, but 
where conditions necessitate its service, great care should be taken to adopt a 
pattern of the right construction and then attach it properly. We have, we 
believe, the heaviest and strongest pattern in the market, and where we recommend 
its use, will guarantee results. In these special fixtures we have endeavored to 
recognize the fact that they must fill special requirements, and therefore must be the 
best that experienced workmanship and design can produce. In no case where we 
have had to make special connections have we been obliged to abandon the work. 
We invite inquiry with regard to these details where customers are not able to 
plan their outfits to meet the demands of their convenience or location. It often 
happens that it is more convenient to mount a windmill on the end or centre of a 
barn or other building, thus saving the cost of a tower, and in such cases the 
rockshaft or quadrant connection often comes into use to good advantage. The 
cut on page 10 shows a building where a rockshaft is used. 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


‘aip}sa sly UO pesn jelpm ely tp sertddns yino siyy 
‘se ‘plaieyeny “bsz ‘3YVIGTOG “S NHO[ 4° e3e}sz UO pezoe13 
‘yuDL, pejoorg-1s0ig UOTIDD-OOG'T UM ‘Jemoy, peyrdg jooq-o9 Uo [Tluplim szofunp esdifoy }004-OT 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. ol 


Small Windmill Outfits for Private Residences, Florists, 
and Garden Supply. 


There is an important field for the use of windmills among people who have 
simply a residence and garden interest to provide for, in smaller villages and on 
the outskirts of the large cities, where they lack the advantages of a city water 
supply. Their requirements include water for household needs, and usually for a 
horse, cow, and small garden; the demand is not large, but still sufficient to warrant 
the investment in a small windmill plant. To provide for this service we are build- 
ing small windmills, six, eight, and eight and one-half feet in diameter, equipped 
with special pumps and suitable tanks, with accessories to meet the local require- 
ments, that are very well adapted to the supply of an abundance of water for all 
these needs. Closely allied with the house water supply is our special line of pump- 
ing appliances for the watering of vegetable gardens: for the successful carrying 
out of this branch of agriculture, water is absolutely necessary. From the hot bed 
to the marketable stage of growth, the vegetable must be continually watered to 
reach the surest and highest results. A quick and rapid growth is necessary to all 
garden products to insure tenderness and delicacy, to say nothing of its importance 
as a means of securing the earliest market prices. The same is true of all small 
fruits and flowers. Paying returns from these have to be secured by the most pains- 
taking effort; faithful watering is the greatest necessity, without which everything 
else is comparatively useless. This growing demand for an artificial water supply 
for garden uses is most successfully met by wind power. Its economy, its ease of 
management, its popular price is already encouraging the general use of artificial 
watering, and opening a new future to the gardening interest. Strawberry culture 
especially has responded to the aid of the windmill water supply. 

“With the increase of the market gardening industry we are putting in many of 
the above plants; the windmill, tank and tower may be placed in the immediate 
vicinity of the hotbeds and fields, with piping leading to convenient localities, where 
hose bibbs are placed, usually one hundred feet apart, so that a fifty-foot length of 
hose may be used in watering. In many cases, the tank is located in the field, 
and the mill is placed at a considerable distance away, over the well, forcing water 
to it; often, where the situation allows it, the windmill is dispensed with, and either 
a hydraulic ram or power pump is used. Again, the tank feature may be left out, 
and the land irrigated directly from the pump by the use of trenches, though to do 
this the ground must be fairly level. Relative to this matter, we show clipping 
from the Farm and Home, giving the statement of a customer using two Eclipse 


mills for this work. ‘* Last spring I dug two wells thirty-five feet deep and put in 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


nN 


io) 


‘suapipg pup sesnolees9 aoJ peambea st yl [1 semddns pup ‘jem morppys D Wog] zeypm sdlund [rw sty 


‘uD UOTIDS-00G'T UNM 


'sseW “plalioye Ad “bsz ‘Y4MYWd ‘S “4 404 pojesg 
WemoL peyidg joo4-og Uo [TlupuIM szotunp esdijoy 1004-Fg 


\ 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 53 


two pumps, which were operated by two 12-foot Eclipse windmills. During the 
season I pumped enough water to irrigate five acres of new sod land, and raised 


crops as follows: 


138 sq. rods Onions sold at $1 per bushel . . . . $225 
CORSO Oe LOGSRVLOLONG a. rs) Tare Ma pion clas 80 
efesGraLOdsy LOMIILOCSins Waucmithava othe hea 2 a a OO 
AESOP PLOUS COT Va WA DOR Cricut s 1 on Brawl gina 35 

ZL OeSQret OUSaDLOUC Nile artieed west, a awe ntt ec! a PaO 


Less than two acres brought in $425. The balance of the five acres was used 
for late cabbage and beans. The beans were flooded while in blossom, and 
blighted. The late cabbage did not head up on account of the sod land being too 
slow in maturing them. This season I start in with five acres of land in good con- 
dition to farm, and there will be no need of a failure on any of it. I am convinced 
that irrigation by windmill pumping pays.” 

Outfits as above described are also widely used by florists who require a con- 
siderable supply of water; we also have especial arrangements in this line for 
dairymen, as illustrated in our tank department further on, showing milk room 
with tank located on top of building, the mill being located at a distance. The 
Cape Cod cranberry growers use the Eclipse largely in flooding or draining their 
bogs ; if the lift is short, as it is usually, an immense quantity of water may be 
handled in a very little time. 

There is also a growing demand for small outfits among persons who live inthe 
cities and towns during the winter, and in the summer move to their cottage at the 
seaside or in the country ; their needs for water are moderate, but as a rule what is 
needed must be pumped by hand or drawn from a well and carried to the house, 
sometimes at great inconvenience. If the house is fitted with bowls, tubs, and 
sanitary conveniences, the water must be pumped by hand to a tank situated in the 
attic of the house, involving more or less labor every day. We are now putting up 
a great number of windmills for the water supply of these summer houses, having 
both tank and mill on the same tower; we lead the water directly from the tank to 
the inside piping, avoiding in this way all expensive plumbing arrangements con- 
nected with a tank placed in the house, and an abundant supply of water is always 
on hand. In many cases house owners club together and put in one plant, which 
supplies their several families, the cost to each being very small. 


We are pleased at all times to submit plans and estimates for outfits as above. 


54 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


14-Foot Eclipse Windmill on 7O-Foot Framed and Rodded Tower, with 
Stairway. 


Erected on the LAWRENCE ESTATE, Fitchburg, Mass. 


The Mill pumps water from an Artestan well 90 feet deep, supplying house, stables, greenhouses 
and lawns. 


oh 
Ou 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


Pumps as a Part of the Windmiil Water System. 


Beside a substantial tower, 2 good pump is necessary to the successful working 
of a windmill water system. Ever so perfect a windmill is made useless and a 
failure by the use of an imperfect pump, and a good pump when misapplied, will 
greatly injure the effective working of the mill. Great care should be taken to 
have the proper style and size of pump with the windmill for a given place; it 
should be easy in its working and of simple construction. Our long experience 
in the windmill business leads us to emphasize the importance of practical features 
in a good windmill pump. The first is that the pump should not be of complicated 
construction. Windmills are largely left to take care of themselves, and any 
complicated pump is apt to get out of order. Customers cannot always secure the 
services of expert help in the repair of a pump, which proves a double source ot 
annoyance. The style of pump best adapted to ordinary use is that which embodies 
the original principle of a suction and lift pump, or what is here termed a ‘* single- 
acting pump.” For simplicity and durability, and for freedom from accident or 
disturbance because of ordinary contingencies, these are better adapted for wind- 
mill use than any other type. This applies to the smaller sizes of windmills more 
particularly than to the larger plants, because the smaller outfits are not likely to 
be in charge of experienced mechanics. In some cases a double-acting pump is 
be preferred, but they are more sensitive to disturbance and require more attention 
and repair than the simpler single-acting pump. We recommend a double-acting 
pump in our larger plants, because with a large windmill they utilize what would 
otherwise be waste power, and as these outfits are likely to be given more care 
and attention than the smaller ones, the pump will receive its due share and con- 
sequently run little danger of serious neglect. 

One of the advantages of single-acting pumps for use with small outfits, is 
in their giving an intermittent strain, in pumping, on the windmill. They do not 
tax the power of the mill on the down stroke, and by thus relieving it part of 
the way round, enables it to get up momentum to carry it over on the up 
stroke in lifting the water. In this way windmills are made to run in light 
winds with single-acting pumps, where double-acting pumps would overload. 
This suggests a point with regard to the size of cylinder for windmill pumps. 
These should always be smaller than those for hand use; in pumping by hand, 
time is of greater value than hard work, and the pump that will throw the 
water most rapidly is the most desirable. With windmills the case is reversed ; time 
is nothing, as the average mill is not required to run more than two hours a day to 
pump the water, leaving the remaining twenty-two hours of the twenty-four 
unoccupied, but to insure the necessary two hours a day for pumping, windmills 
must be able to run with a mere breath of wind current. During the hot months 
of July and August there are weeks at a time when the movement of the winds 
is hardly perceptible. To guard against failure at these times, the mill must be 
given as light a load as possible to carry. A small cylinder, in such cases, even 


56 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


though it will require twice the length of time to pump the water with it, is more 
economical. It will insure the working of the mill every day when otherwise it 
might prove intermittent. The small cylinder does not wear the mill in pumping as 
a large one; the iarge cylinder, by pumping water rapidly, increases the friction and 
crowds it through the pipe, thus augmenting proportionately the strain on the mill. 

Here it is proper to speak of the different kinds of cylinders; these are clas- 
sified as shallow and deep-well cylinders and are made of iron or brass. The deep- 
well cylinder differs from the shallow well in having a longer barrel and plunger. 
This long plunger is supposed to act as a guide and an additional security to the 
packing under the strain of a deep-well pressure. As to the claims of iron and 
brass cylinders, the iron is less liable to be injured in being packed and repacked. 
The brass, on the other hand, does not corrode with rust, and consequently does 
not produce as much friction in the working of the valves, nor does it impregnate 
them with any metallic deposit so as to ruin them, as do the iron: we always 
recommend the brass cylinder as by far the most satisfactory. The cylinder as a 
part of a pump is the most vital: it does all the drawing and lifting and the 
least derangement or deficiency in it destroys successful operation. Our cylin- 
ders are made with the greatest care, being carefully fitted and all the threads 
cut to an exact gauge. The valves are also made of the best ‘* Oak Tan” leather 
and furnished with raised valve seats. In the make up of our pumps, both 
single and double acting, we have endeavored to meet every requirement, and the 
pattern we have now adopted is, without question, the most convenient and satis- 
factory that can be had; it is made upon the most practical principles, and will give 
the best results with the least possible care on the part of the owners. 


Eclipse Force Pumps for Shallow Wells. 


Figure 35 shows our Single-Acting Pump for windmill use. It combines 
in its make up more advantages than any other single-acting pump in the 
market, and has had many imitators. It is built on the syphon principle, taking 
in its supply from the suction pipe at a point high enough above the base to 
ensure its holding at all times a quantity of water sufficient to prime it in case 
the vacuum is lost from any cause. This self-priming feature makes it the most 
reliable pump to use under a windmill. Its construction is very simple and 
consists of an outer chamber or jacket of large diameter, within which a brass 
cylinder is so located that the plunger and lower valve are submerged when the 
pump is filled with water. The large outer jacket holds a sufficient quantity 
of water to prime the working parts long enough to ensure the making of a 
perfect vacuum in a long and high lift on the suction end, and a large space 
around the top of cylinder makes a vacuum chamber that relieves the pounding 
of the valves when running at full speed. This gives the valves the greatest 
possible efficiency and long life, and enables them to perform duty even when so 
materially worn as to be useless in any other style of pump. Not less in 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 5 


Fig. 35. importance is the feature of the ready accessibility of 


the working parts in this pump, it being so made that 


MLL 


a the plunger, piston rod and lower valve can be taken 
J out for examination by any one not familiar with 


{> 
RPE) . : : 
hl pumps, with a common monkey-wrench, without dis- 


3 pil t 


= fre II 
ln ‘ae 1 rt cy 
SS 


eal 


LLL 


ne’ 


turbing the pipes, a very important consideration with 
customers who cannot afford or command expert ser- 
vice. All the working parts are brass, making them 
very durable and very easy to take apart, there being 
no rust to corrode. The bolts on the caps are made 
with coarse threads so that rust does not affect them, 


even after years of service. The air-chamber avoids 
the loss of air from having a piston rod run through it, 


SS 


as in some other syphon pumps, and is located at the 
proper point to cushion the column of water in the dis- 
charge pipe; the check valve between the air-chamber 
and pump relieves the working parts of all strain when 


atrest. The flange on main jacket of pump is arranged 


so that the discharge outlet can be swung around on 
its centre, making it possible to adapt the pump to 
widely-varying situations, and also reduce the number 
of turns in the piping, where a lack of this feature 
involves a serious loss of power from friction and 
‘swater hammer.” Taken altogether the combination 
of the working details of this pump make it the most serviceable and popular in 
the market. Its parts are interchangeable, and repairs are easily and cheaply 
made. It is built in four sizes, as listed below. 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 35 SINGLE-ACTING PUMP. 


Diameter Suction | 

Sizes, Inner Stroke. and Price, | 

Cylinder. Discharge. 

| 

Noe 64 2) -Inch:.|°8\ Inch.) 14 Inch:'|" -S18.00" | 

oat pe P| ee SaaS SO aa pie et 922-007 4] 

es Di EE ae ee LT ecCO ni Poscoae | 
3 4 66 Io 66 2 AG 50.00 


Our Figure 50, Double-Acting Suction and Force Pump, is especially used 
for heavy service and in connection with our Railroad Pumping Windmills, and 
is constructed with special reference to durability and the convenience of the owner. 
Every valve has an independent cover, and all parts are readily accessible with an 
ordinary monkey-wrench. It is brass fitted throughout, with metal, rubber or 
leather valves, as ordered. We have patterns for extra heavy duty, for pumping 
against a pressure of two hundred feet elevation or over. It is provided with drip 
plugs for draining in cold weather, and has every appliance for all-around service. 


58 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


Fig. 50. 


When desired a hand lever can be 
attached, making it independent of the 
windmill or driving engine at all times. 
Its valve and valve seats are of the 
most approved pattern, making it one 
of the most durable and efficient pumps 
offered to the trade. All our force 
pumps are suitable for use as power 
pumps, and can be driven to high speed 
under heavy duty without excessive 
wear. 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 50 DOUBLE= 
ACTING PUMP. 


7 ; 
i | Pega ie Suction | Discharge 
| of Stroke. ; ; Bice. 
f | Cylinder. Pipe. Pipe. 
wil 


2s In.| 8 In.J1$ Ind In.| $ 65.00 
13 66 8 (x3 13 66 14 66 y 70.00 | 
3 cic lta <6 ar: cee 66 85.00 


I 
go EE To CD PRE Ce emt eT GOOG 
See a E13) ee 0 00 
5 ‘e116 66 3 6c 24 6e 155-00 


Fig. 320 shows our Syphon Pump, which has been extensively used in the 
past and until superseded by our improved Fig. 35, which entirely overcomes any 
objections that may be presented to the older style. Fig. 320 
is substantially and strongly made; it is well adapted to general 
pumping work ; comparing it with Fig. 35, its main difference 
is that it is not so easy to overhaul. Take, for instance, the most 
common of pump repairs, the renewal of the leathers ; if it is de- 
sired to re-leather the plunger of our Fig. 35, it is only necessary 
to take off the upper cap, disconnect the pump pole and withdraw 
the plunger, without disturbing the piping or any other part. To 
re-leather the plunger of Fig. 820 requires the uncoupling of the 
piping at the discharge outlet, and the removal of the air-chamber , 
with piston rod and plunger. To replace the lower valve of our $ 
Fig. 35, calls for the removal of the plate bolted to the side of 
the pump; in Fig. 320 the piping must be disconnected and the 
air-chamber and plunger removed as before. To say nothing of the 
difficulty in replacing the pipe connection in exactly its former 
position and making a perfectly tight joint, the time considera- 
tion must be taken into account; either operation on the Fig. 35 
pump takes not more than half an hour, with Fig. 320 at least 
half a day. However, the good qualities of Fig. 320 create a de- 


Fig. 320. 


ul 


mand for it where the PRICE LIST OF FIG. 320 SYPHON PUMP. 
matter of expense is a ee — 

: kee: Ie 5 
controlling factor. Lt TBO GIN Ee OF oe hectare ins A aree Posse ae Ree | 
made in all sizes up to six | _ Wine ees WY! oS ae eae 
inches in diameter, but we | 1, | 24 Insley Inalerdelnea e700 $18.25 | 
j , , \< = NS ; | 
list only the first three, |~~2 >| 3 « [a4 « | rag: 17.25 18.75 
these being ordinarily eres eee eae: aaa 20.75 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 59 


used on windmill work. It is fitted with brass lined 


Fig. 500 
—— or solid brass cylinder, as per list, and has brass stuff- 
+ ing box and plunger. It isa first-class, low-cost pump, 


\ having held the lead in its line for years, until quite 
4\ recently. 

\ Fig. 500 shows our light Force Pump, mounted 
on plank and arranged for Pitman connection. It is 
usually fitted for wood pole connection for windmill, as 
ordered. It has leather valves, and is made in iron and 
brass. For loads under fifty feet elevation, this pump 
is very well adapted, and will give excellent results. 


A> 


—— 


Baer LIST OF FIG. 500 PORE PUMP. 
no, | See | Spatlgnand | soe aS eas 
| Cylinder. Fitted for Tron Brass. 
Y \ Incr In. Pipe. Cony $7. 50. $16.00 
2 PER STG s Ck eek ane ay Beast 8.00 " 18.00 | 
3 yee Oe Cie |) 8.50 | 20.00 | 


Eclipse Force Pumps and Cylinders for 
Deep Wells. 
Fig. 40. 


Fig. 40 shows our 
DeeEr-W ELL, ANTI- FREEZ- 
InG Hanp Pump, arranged 
with improved vertical 
three-way valve. Its con- 
struction admits of with- 
drawal of the plunger, 
without disturbing the 
pump head or pipe con- 
nections. It is provided 
with a large air-chamber, which 
insures an ease of operation, 
and a steady flow of water. 
With this pump water can be 
delivered at the well platform, 
or forced to the tank, as the 
operator may desire. 

Fitted for two-inch suction 
pipe, one-inch discharge pipe, 
with ten-inch stroke. 


$14.00 


uD Fig. 33 is our Derp-WELL 
aaa Srurrina Box Heap with dis- 
gt UCL <7 § oT ‘FID ye wD} Wi 1s 
———" an Ef) charge check-valve,air-chamber 

~ and guided piston rod, and is 
arranged for use either by 
power or windmill. It is pro- 


Fis. 33. 


PRICE 


Sri 


== 


‘il Ta “il 


vided with ring on its base to 
fit threads on the well casing, 


60 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


10,000-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank, on 28-Foot Framed and Rodded Tower. 
Erected on Estate of J. B. SHURTLEFF, Esq., Revere, Mass. 


This Tank is supplied by the windmill shown on Page 6. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 61 


thus making a cap for the well and a secure support for the pump. If the location 
does not permit of its use the ring can be dispensed with. 

Fitted for three-inch suction, one and one-half discharge pipe and six-inch well 
casing, with eight-inch stroke. 

PRICE : : : 5 : , : : 3 $14.00 


These pumps are especially designed to be used in connection with the cylinders 
listed in following pages, and give excellent results. ‘They are used in wells up to 
three hundred feet in depth, and are made strong, with special reference to dura- 


bility and freedom from repair. . 
SSS Oe SS 
Fig. 311. . ; 
wutm,§: Artesian Well Brass Cylinders, with Brass Ball Valves. 


The cylinder or working barrel shown in cut, is made of heavy seam- 
less drawn brass tubing, perfectly smooth and true. It has been designed 
to meet the heavy and exacting duty of pumping in the deep wells of the 
oil regions, and its excellent service for this purpose has opened for it 
the field of windmill work. The inside diameter of the cylinder is 
smaller than the pipe it is to be used in connection with, thus allowing 
the plunger and lower valve to be drawn up out of the pump to be re- 
packed without disturbing the pump head or pipe, thus making a con- 
venient and durable arrangement. Its valves are made of gun metal, 
spherical in shape, and will wear for an indefinite period. The working 
parts being all brass, there is no chance for rust to form and injure the 
plunger leathers, and the lower end is threaded for pipe, so that a 
strainer can be attached to the suction. We list only the sizes in most 
common use, and will make prices on larger sizes up to nine and one-half 
inches in diameter, with thirty-six-inch stroke, on application. 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 311 


BALL VALVE CYLINDERS. 


Inside diam.| Pipe or casing | Pipe or casing | Extreme length Capacity in Cylinder com- | Cylinder com- 
to) for top for bottom of gallons, plete for plete for 
Cylinder, attachments. attachments. Cylinder, per stroke, 10-inch stroke, | 16-inch stroke. 

12 In. | 14 Inch. | 14 Inch. | 323 Inch. .10 $15.00 
Fee ae Bee 325 « CLP Pe ately OO ae 1S.00: | 
at | ah Dyn dE Ey wee 27 22.00 24.00 | 
ore eee Danes Ae .4I 28.00 32.00 
cy Cane ns Zt ee ae 38.00 50.00 — 
GP ay ee Seer aone “77 70.00 


These cylinders are used in connection with our Fig. 40 and Fig. 
33 pump heads, and make with them the best deep-well pump that we 
have seen. 


on 
Eclipse Seamless Drawn Brass Cylinder, for Deep or Shallow Wells. 


These cylinders, as shown on following page, are used extensively in the make- 
up of pumping outfits of all kinds. As they form the vital working part of the 
pump, it is of the greatest importance that they be made of the best material and 
accurately fitted. The Eclipse cylinders are as reliable and as well made as any 
that can be had, and our long experience in this work enables us to offer a most 
satisfactory line of goods. “We have these in a great variety of forms, but offer 
in the list the sizes most commonly used for windmill work. 


62 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


The only difference between Figs. 312 and 322 is that the latter has inside 
caps or attachments, while the former has outside caps or attachments, the prices 


being the same for both. 


PRICE LIST OF FIGS. 312=322 SEAMLESS DRAWN BRASS CYLINDERS. 


Fig. 312. Fig. 322. 


10 and 12 inches long, 


ili) 


ie! 
F. PLUNGERS., 


Fig. 312. Fig. 322. 
14 inches long. 


B, PLUNGERS. 


Fig. 312. 


16 and 20 inches 


Fig. 322. 


long. 


C. PLUNGERS, 


Sizes. F. Plunger. Iron Caps. | All Brass. | 
2 by 12 inch) Fitted for 1 inch pipe. | $ 8.00 | $ 9.00 
SWAN Meat Fo te Ot, iG So ee 8.25 | 9.95 | 
24 Ge TOY» GG 66 (73 14 6c 73 8.50 9.50 | 
23 CG 4)? GG 6“ 66 14 ““ 66 9.00 10.00 
3 CG Wy (3 66 66 14 (77 ce 9.50 11.00 
oy eae tam oe eG a lealiors | oie 
BA RID tena Fence ade amocoaeheri 1 ne mans at) 
AED PUG ee Os oY a 56 15.00 18.50 
| Iron Caps Iron Caps | 
| Sizes. Fitted for ee ee All Brass. 
| and Valve. Plunger, 
2 by 14inchjl inch pipe.|.$ 8.50 | $ 9.75 | $11.25 
9 Peer Oa el Se CCR ee 9.00 10.25 11.75 | 
Zhen Ss aA Soe ey ace u6 9.25 10.50 12.00 | 
Doce TA.. “eae nee, ser O75 Ul mie omelets 00 
Rp LANIS I Nes (Ue ied I 10.25 WIAs 13.50 
Se Wea Mame her RS CNG WRITE) mee heen 
ec wetaa A nS AS 9aES ce WD 14.75 16.25 
Bie sea VATS E12 ue & 15.75 19.00 2109 
Abe eta eae w 6 18.00 23.00 26.00 
Oat Ans 80D See £6 ss 20.50 26.50 30.50 
Oe Oo AD | od Its) aC GG 24.00 384.00 40.00 
Iron Caps Iron Caps 
Sizes Fitted for Tos vee All Brass. 
and Valve. Plunger. | 
(12 by 16 inchjl inch pipe.| $ 9.00 $10.50 $12.00 
ae Gee ise ere ee 9.00 | 10.50 | 12.00 
On Ea ad INES nates te eae EAB We eiiea ts 
oy, ee Oe eee Te ics Ge 10.25 Wiles 13.25 
PA Rca) ESE ie SP Gi 10.75 12:25 13.75 
Oe pol Oi hee Mibu ease G es 12.75 14.75 
NBA 1G Nee anes 1 20020) al One 116,00 
Dees APMP Vee i ae wanes 6 13.50 16.00 18.50 
pee OG GM! OS. iy ce 3 17.50 20.50 24.00 
Aa CaN etn DS Ni eakecee meace 21.00 26.50 30.50 
STeae ol Wn tn PBS cs FG 24.00 31.00 36.00 
meee esa alaey oN 1: 30.00 | 42.00 | 49.00 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 63 


Drive Well Points. 


We list a few of the drive points most commonly used in well work; these are 
made of galvanized iron pipe, and used extensively where the nature of the soil 
permits a free flow of water through the ground. 


PRICE LIST OF WASHER POINTS. 


1% Inch Points. —Galvanized. 1% Inch Points. — Galvanized. 
Prices Per Doz. Prices Per Doz. 

Trade No. Length Pipe. No. Holes. |No. 60 ae Trade No. Length Pipe. No. Holes. |No. 60 Gauze. 

300 20 Inch. 50 | $30.00 So, || 2d. Peet. 110 | #60100 

301 Deticets 60 36.00 | 322 | 3 oe | 180 72.00 

302 PM ee 80 46.00 Ec82e | 88 oe | 150 84.00 | 

303 3 oe 100 56.00 | — = = 

304 | 384 « 120 66.00 | 

++ ooo --—— 


PRICE LIST OF BRASS JACKET PIPE WELL POINTS. 


1 Inch Points. — Galvanized. 1% Inch Points. — Galvanized, 
Prices Per Doz. Prices Per Doz. 
Stes Length. Jacket. | Holes. |No. 60 Gauze. | hey Length. Jacket, Holes. |No. 60 | 
Tdi Eo = Peet 18: Inch.) 70. $33.00 136. | 2 Feet.) 18 Inch.| 120 I$ 48.00 
De) od. ee 2 “ 100 42.00 LEOr 2a 36 Bes S88 NBO) AXOOG | 
BRT ace 30 120 51.00 | 144 | 38 a BO) | 200 72.00 | 
80: |34 “ | 86 « | 140 60.00 | tls Oe Re rect ie OO erste 0230 84.00 
Boe far Ae Fo EN EO) 69 00 Web aig eae Sey AA ee OTC) 96.00 
a ) 152 |5 | 54 © | 350 | 120.00 
RIDGncGae SOO ates | AD0al 144.00 


Prices Per Doz. 


| pe | Length. | Jacket. Holes. |No. 60 Gauze. 2c ee eM Doz 
86 |20 In. | 14 Inch.| 80 |$ 30.00 Pee Fiance aay Wats el a Me gf 
90 Cy ae 18 a3 100 36.00 | NG: Length. Jackets. Holes. Pil 60 aur 
Pea eee, Moa ee eo hp 0-00. | 160 |2 Feet.) 18 Inch.| 140 |§ 75.00 
98 | 3 iM 50 6 150 56.00 | 1 59 ss a a ‘ 200 | 90.00 

eee Oe lies 6600 | T6848) OBO. Ree4 1960.1 108.00 «| 
WO || ah oe 42 “s | 200 76.00 170 1 84. 86 « | 290 | 120.00 
LOO. | Adie AB KO 1 OO% 86.00 | LEQ AS puedo ie, haan 135.00 


64 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


2 
' 
: 
; 
‘ 
. 


5,000 and 7,500-Gallon Tanks, Erected for Storage and Sprinkler 
Service in this City. 


These are enclosed in metal, to conform to requirements of Building Inspectors. The supports are 
made either by carrying up the elevator wells, or. the corner walls of buildings. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 65 


Revised Price List of Pipe Fittings. 


SIZES, INCHES........... 4 % 72 % 1 Wea) AES) 2! 274 3 3 he 4 
ElbOws Casta. csiesteciesers 4 5 6 9 3 20 25 40 0%) 1.10 1.35 1.80 
ss Rede.or R. & L. 5 6 7 11 IGS 25 29 46 | 8&5 1.25 1.50 2.10 
se Malleable...... 13 7 9 15 22 32 | 38 60 1.25 1.75 2.10 4.00 
LX Galvanized .... 6 ©) 12 18 30 45 55 85 1.60 2.35 | 3.10 4.10 
| 
Mees, (| CaStiies er sje\e.e'sinieis 6 7 9 3 20 30 38 60 1.10 1.50 2 00 2.50 
i teducing...... ' 11 15 23 3 44 70 2.25: 1.75 2.30 2,90 
<c” Malleable'...'..: ote 7 if 9 18 29 40 48 do 1.40 210 2.50 4.15 
ee Galvanized secs 7 10 14 20 36 55 85 1.20 | 2.25 2.85 3.80 5.25 
| heap 
CrOSSeS i CaAStencnciccs seo 8 10 12 18 28 | 40 | 50 80 | 1.50 2.20 2.70 3.50 
ce Reducing......} 10 12 14 21 82 46 58 92 1.70 2.50 3.00 4.00 
Se Malleable...... 8 10 12 20 30 42 55 85 2.00 3.10 4.00 5.75 
ss Galvanized.... 15 20 32 50 80 1.00 1.60 3.00 4,25 5.50 7.00 
| | | | 
Reducers; Casters | | | | 75 1.20 1.50 2.00 
es Malleable... 6 8) 12 18 4a |) 3B 50 4 
se Galvanized.. 8 lL 16 25 | 85 45 75 1.05 1.65 2.40 3.05 
Plugs, Plain............. 3 3 4 5 6 10 13 20 35 5 15 85 
“ Galvanized...... 5) 5 6 8 10 1s 4) 23 35 57 95 1.35 1.60 
| | i} 
Bushings, leakntidpesocaces 5 6 7 Qual ats 17 27 42 60 80 1.00 
Galvanized.. 6 7 10 14 21 30 44 59 | 
Caps Castismencmercinsen sts 50 80° | 1.10 1.30 
< Malleables...2.... 5 8 12) 45 16 24 O20 45 70 85 1.20 
ST GAalVaniziedirse ss... 5 5 8 12 16 | 24 | 38 52 76 1.15 1.40 2.00 
Couplings, Wrought.. 5 6 ee est ale Sta ean con! al Ver | aa 80 1.00 
Galvanized. 6 8 10 13 18 25 32 40 55 80 1.05 1,40 
se Mal. R. SL. 4 5 ¢) 12 18 25 36 by || | 
UG Gal. ve 8 10 13 20 25 85 50 75 | 
Nipples, mlevovely nooaaagee 5 6 7 9 10 14 17 25 56 75 1.00 1.25 
1 BrODN EE aGaaAnocad Wi 9 10 11 15 20 25 35 75 95 1.25 1.60 
ns Short, Galv’d.. if 8 ©) 11 13 Ly 23 32 65 1.00 1.25 1.45 
as Long ss 9 11 33 16 19 24 31 40 85 1.20 1.50 1.90 
Locknuts, Malleable... 4 4 6 7 8 10 12 25 
Galvanized. 5 5 vi 5) 10 12 16 By 
ce Castiremasarcins 40 50 70 95 
£ | x 
| 
Unions, Malleable..... 15 18 20 28 34 46 60 80 1.50 2.10 3.00 4.00 
ce Galvanized ....| 20 24 27 37 50 70 90 1.20 2.25 2.90 4.50 5.60 
Flanged Unions...... rm x oe 9 = 
Crane’s new Pattern. : 65 70 85 115 1.50 1.75 2.25 2.75 3.15 


Price list of plain and galvanized iron pipe will be mailed on application. 


66 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


30,000-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank, on 15-Foot Framed and Rodded 
Substructure. 


Erected on Estate of Hon. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, Waltham, Mass. 


This Tank is filled by the Windmill shown on page 34, and is used for the storage for water 
supply on the above Estate. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 67 


Tanks. 


The tank is as much a part of the water-supply system as the windmill, tower 
or pump, and in the development of the business nothing has undergone greater 
change and modification. It is necessary to have at least three or four days’ supply 
of water stored in the tank to provide not only for lack of wind, but also to make 
the outfit one which will develop the full capacity of a weak well, by storing up the 
water pumped by the windmill as fast as the well will furnish it. 

The first use of a tank, in connection with a windmill, was to place it on the 
ground, allowing the windmill to pump directly into it and the cattle to drink from 
it at will. The capacity of the tank was gradually increased until they would hold 
three or four days’ supply. After some time the advantage of having this tank 
elevated so that the water could be drawn through piping to the watering trough 
and house became apparent, and the tank was placed in the barn, or some other 
building. This plan has its disadvantages, and the latest and best arrangement is 
to elevate the tank on an independent tower, placing the windmill above it, thus 
combining the whole water-supply system in one structure. The requirements for 
the first-mentioned use of the storage tanks are discussed under the heading of 
‘* Frost-Proof Stock Tanks,” and with regard to the placing of the storage tanks in 
barns and other buildings, we must warn a customer that a thousand gallons of 
water weighs four tons, and the supports for the ordinary size tank used for our 
windmill water-supply system must be strong in proportion to the weight resting 
upon them. There must be in the floor timbers, under a tank, sufficient strength 
to support the load rigidly, without the ordinary deflection allowed by the best 
engineers as being perfectly safe for other loads. Such bending or yielding of 
the supports will result in the straining of the tank, and the consequent leakage, 
which will rot the woodwork. In places where any leakage would cause damage, we 
usually supply a sheet-metal pan under the tank, to provide for accidental leakage 
or overflow. ‘Tanks in buildings can be made frost-proof for ordinary requirements 
by a tight cover on top, but if it is necessary to further protect them from frost, 
they should be made of three-inch stock. It is not wise to pack any material 
around a tank to protect it from the frost, as this causes premature decay. Pipes 
leading to tanks inside buildings can be boxed to prevent freezing, so that the water 
supply, when frost-proofed, can be used regardless of the outside temperature. 

The best form of storage is the independent elevated tank on structure. In 
this arrangement it can be rigidly and properly supported, protected from frost, 
and may be elevated to a height which will carry the water to all distributing points. 
Large tanks can be more readily frost-proofed than small ones, and better results 
are obtained by using three-inch material than two inch, if the conditions are very 
severe. The best shape for a tank is round, rather than oblong or square, as the 
round tank is more readily fitted and more evenly supported by its bands or hoops, 
and is less liable to leakage. Owing to the difficulty in making a square tank tight 


68 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


9,200-Gallon Frost-Proofed Tank. 


Erected on stock farm of CHAS. A. KING, Esq., Mattapoisett, Mass. 


This Tank is supplied by a Windmill at a distance (see page 40); it is located directly over the 
dairy-house, and furnishes running water for the same. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 69 


at the corners, it is best to line it with sheet metal, copper preferably, and care 
should be taken to use metal heavy enough to stand considerable strain, if the tank 
should yield under insufficient support of its fastenings or foundation. <A tank 
having great depth requires very much stronger fastenings or hoops than if shallow, 
and in a square tank it is not advisable to exceed four feet in depth. 

Although we can furnish tanks of any kind of lumber, cypress, oak or cedar, we 
recommend the use of western pine, and unless otherwise specified, tanks will be 
built of this wood, sound, selected stock, surfaced both sides, free from shake, or 
unsound knots. Long experience has shown that pine of good quality is superior 
to either cypress or cedar, it being almost impossible to obtain the last-named wood 
of the length and grade necessary to meet the demands of the trade. 

All tanks are carefully fitted together and marked before leaving the factory, 
and are shipped in knockdown, with the hoops coiled up in convenient form for 
handling. The bolts for the lugs, and the dowel-pins, are boxed. Weights given 
in the list are approximate, as this depends on the dryness of the lumber. Tanks 
are not painted when shipped, and will not leak if properly set up. All necessary 
instructions for setting up tanks will be cheerfully furnished on application. 

Special attention of those interested is directed to the screw-clamp lugs on our 
hoops, which are of great value in the construction of a tank. The hoop, having 
been laid in position around the tank, a bolt is passed through the lugs, and the 
nuts on the bolt turned up with a wrench. By this means all the joints are drawn 
up perfectly tight. 

In cases where tanks are allowed to stand empty for a time, there is more or 
less shrinkage, and a driven hoop is likely to become so loose as to be worthless 
for holding purposes, when the tanks are refilled, and must be refitted to its place 
to be of value. With lug hoops the tank can be screwed up tight, after shrinking, 
thus making the lugs an almost indispensable feature. In setting up the tank, these 
lugs can be placed to suit the exigencies of the work, while the riveted hoops must 
be forced into place from all parts of the tank, this being often difficult, and some- 
times impossible. 

Prices will be as low as is consistent with first-class work, and estimates will 


be furnished for tanks of any size, and, if desired, the cost of placing one or more 
in position, with a suitable support for same. 


We have found that while cy press is unexcelled for use in a warm building, or 
any place where the temperature is even, it is unsuitable when exposed to the om 
tremes of the New England climate. This wood is soft and coarse grained ; 
grows in the water of the southern swamps, and is very porous. The difficulty we 
fee found in the use of this material for tanks is, that the staves and bottom be- 
come thoroughly saturated: in the winter this freezes, and results in the straining 
of the joints and splitting of the wood. In the summer months these tanks are 
tight, but in the winter, owing to the freezing above mentioned, they leak, and are 
a constant source of annoyance. The pine tanks are not porous, and are tight, 
summer and winter. 


A claim for the superiority of cypress tanks over pine is that the water stored 
in the former is less likely to taste of the wood than the pine. This is false, and 
displays an entire ignorance of the facts; we are constantly selling pine tanks, and 
have yet to hear the first complaint of this nature. The sap of pine is less bitter 
and acrid than that of cypress, and will not affect the water. 


70 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


S 


30,000-Gallon Storage: Tank on 10-Foot Substructure. 


Erected on Estate of Mrs. MARTIN HAYES, Hingham, Mass. 


This Tank is supplied by a 5-inch x 6-inch Triplex Pump, operated by a 5 Horse-Power Gasolene 
Engine. The Pump discharges 50 gallons of water per minute, from a dug well, through 
400 feet of three-inch pipe into the Tank, 115 feet above the source of supply. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. GA 


Frost=Proof Stock Tanks. 


Without Cover. With Cover. 


Our Stock Tanks are designed for farm use, watering stock, cooling milk, ete. 
We have endeavored, in their construction, to guard against the annoyance caused 
by frost in the winter, and the use of hundreds of these tanks all over the country is 
abundant proof of their substantial character. Railroad companies have for years 
relied on the thickness of the tank lumber in their water stations, together with the 
roofing of their tanks, which prevents the latent heat of the water from escaping, 
for their frost-proofing. We suggest the importance of providing a good founda- 
tion for any stock tank; it should be firm enough to sustain the weight of the water 
it contains without settling. This is no trifling matter, as the weight of the water 
in the larger tanks amounts to tons. If the tank settles out of level, from insuffi- 
cient support, it is strained, and the joints are likely to be forced apart so as to form 
a permanent leak. 

(For Price List see the end of this book.) 


aaa SSS 


The Eclipse Tank Heater. 


In locations where tanks cannot readily be made frost-proof, we call attention 
to the Eclipse Tank Heater. This heater is made of galvanized iron, and is 
arranged to be bolted to skids, to be placed across top of the tank. When not in 
use, it can be easily set aside. Its price, $14.00, is saved in a very short time in 
the benefit derived by the stock from drinking water which has the chill taken out. 


+++ 


Independent Water-Supply System in Cities. 


We have been successful in introducing water-supply outfits for manufacturing 
and tenement properties in cities where the charge for water rates has been a burden, 
or the quality of the water is such as to make it unfit for special purposes. We 
show, on page 64, storage tanks erected on suitable supports above the roofs 
of buildings in this city, which are used as reservoir tanks for automatic sprinkler 
service; the construction of these tanks and substructures is similar to those 
used for water supply. It frequently happens that a well can be driven in the 
cellar or premises adjoining a manufacturing building, which will furnish a supply 
of water for all purposes, if pumped into a tank placed above the roof, from which 
it can be distributed to the different floors where it is to be used. A durable and 
efficient plant of this sort is a profitable investment, as the cost of the power re- 
quired for pumping with the improved appliances now at hand for this purpose, is 
less than would be supposed, and we look for a continued increase in this depart- 
ment of our business, because of the saving in water rates to our customers. 


(2 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


25-Foot Eclipse Windmill and Two 80,000-Gallon Tanks on roof of 
Tenement Building. 


Erected for E. D. BROOKS, Esq., Cambridge, Mass. 


The Mill pumps water from an Artesian well 200 feet deep. 


“1 


iss) 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


Having power already in the building, it is usually a very simple matter to 
attach a suitable power pump and connect it to the well and tank, thus providing a 
complete water-supply system, which will meet every need, at a cost often less than 
one half the former charges. The expense of a tenement-house supply from the 
city service is often so large as to compel the owners to install an independent 
system, and we refer to cut on opposite page, showing windmill furnishing the 
power for this purpose. 

We are also using very successfully, on some country estates where the con- 
sumption of water is very large, a combination of our Gasolene Engine and Triplex 
Power Pump, using for storage, tanks holding from 30,000 to 100,000 gallons. 
On page 70 will be found a statement showing the work done by one of these 
outfits. 

We solicit inquiry in regard to this subject, and will cheerfully furnish plans 
and estimates for proposed work of this kind, upon application. 


————?#+--9¢— 


Our ‘*TriumpH” HorizonraL Dousie-Actinc Force Pump is often used 
where power is available, in the same way as the Triplex Pump above. 

Fig. 609, as illustrated, shows our Geared 

Triumph” Pump, with tight and loose 


Fig. 609. 


pulleys, which is calculated to work under 
heavy pressure. It is substantially con- 
structed in all its parts. The pump is bolted 
to a heavy frame, and the crank shaft, rod 
guide, yoke and pitman are so arranged as 
to keep the piston always in line with the 
cylinder. 

In pumping against a pressure up to 
one hundred pounds to the square inch, 
this pump should be run at the rate of thirty 
to fifty revolutions per minute. The pump 


is geared to increase power three to one; 
this would make the speed of pulleys from 


ninety to one hundred and fifty revolutions per minute. 

When this pump is to be used for feeding steam boilers, it should be so speci- 
fied in the order, since for this purpose the piston should be made of hard brass or 
bronze. ‘The piston rod, the valves and valve seats, are always made of bronze, 
and the cylinders are brass-lined, except in the ‘‘ brass” pumps, which have all- 


brass cylinder. 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 609 TRIUMPH PUMP. 


Brass-Lined 


All-Brass 


Size Suction Discharge rf Size of Capacity bar airs | 
No, Cylinder. Fitted for Fitted for Stroke. Pulleys. per Stroke. coainder. eines | 
I at In. | 14 In. | 14 In.| 43 In. | 16xq In| .20 Gal.|$ 75.00 | $125.00 
2 oa ass BOSS r4 «6 An <€ ROXAT coe SO. Ara 80.00 130.00 
3 Aas “e To 4556 LOMAD Co Roe << 85.00 145.00 
4 Bares Dye oS 2450s ie TORA CCE S7ae 115.00 185.00 


74. CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


25-Foot Eclipse Geared Windmill, on 100-Foot Framed and Rodded 
Tower, 


Erected on Estate of W. E. C. EUSTIS, Esq., Milton, Mass. 


The Mill is equipped with two Fig. 50 Eclipse Double-Acting Pumps, furnishing water for house, 
stable, greenhouses, lawns, etc. It also operates a 7 Kilowatt Dynamo, generating 
electricity for lighting the grounds and residence. 


~1 
Ou 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


Geared Windmills for Power Purposes. 


The windmill constructed for pumping cannot be successfully applied to other 
work, because the motion obtained is a reciprocating, or an up-and-down one, 
whereas for power purposes, such as grinding, sawing, etc., a rotary one is re- 
quired ; to provide for such a motion, Geared Windmills are made. 

The Geared Windmill is a machine that pre-eminently requires intelligence in 
its operation. This is not because it is complicated in itself, but because of the 
variable conditions under which it is called to do its work, and which have to be 
studied and learned before the greatest results can be secured with it. 

We find, by the experience of our customers, that it takes them from six 
mouths to a year to learn how to manage their Geared Windmills and adjust them 
to their farm requirements, before they realize their indispensableness and value. 

Our most enthusiastic testimonials come from men who have used our Geared 
Mills for a term of years, and who have the management of their mill studied out 
and adjusted to their work. Usually Geared Mills are bought simply for grinding 
purposes. It does not take an intelligent person long to learn that he can just as 
well attach a churn as not, and in a little while longer he will have his grindstone 
belted to the same power, and when it comes time to cut his year’s supply of wood 
it will certainly occur to him that wind is the cheapest power to do the work. So 
the customer goes from one use to another, and before long he has learned to use 
his windmill for many purposes that were not originally thought of in his purchase 
of the mill, and which adds material advantage and profit to his investment in it. 

It seems, therefore, that the first customers of Geared Windmills will be those 
progressive mechanical minds which we find in almost every community, who will 
develop the possibilities of wind power for their neighbors, as well as for their own 
satisfaction. 

When this is done, others will follow their example, and before long the leading 
feature of every farm will be a Central Power Station with the Geared Mill for the 
motive machine. This will be capable of doing shelling, feed cutting, churning, 
pumping of the water, sawing of the wood, washing of the clothes and threshing 
of the grain. When such a method becomes general, it will dispense with a great 
deal of horse flesh that is now expensively kept for purposes on the farm that shal] 
have been otherwise provided for, and a great deal of farm help, which is now an 
expensive yet necessary incident of our present methods, will be eliminated, to the 
profit and advantage of the farmer. 

In all directions the severity of competition requires the elimination of all 
expensive methods of farming, and a careful accounting of the different ways and 
means by which the greatest product can be secured with the least outlay. 

The general features which make the Geared Mill adapted to the new condition 
of the more intelligent farming of our time are first, that they furnish a power for 
the farmer that costs nothing for its original production: the wind is a universal 
power, everywhere present. Besides the cost of the Geared Mill, we have the cost 
of the tower upon which it is erected, and it is ready to be applied to grinding, 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


30-Foot Eclipse Geared Windmill on Farm Barn. 


Erected on Estate of F. E. SIMPSON, Esq., Saxonville, Mass. 


It was Erected in 1877, and has been in constant use since. 


bat | 
“I 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


shelling, pumping water, churning, feed cutting, turning lathes and grindstones, 
and a variety of other purposes. 

To do the same work by horse-power, whether sweep or tread, the cost of the 
horse-power, the price of the horses and harness must be taken into consideration ; 
and the necessary shafting, pulleys and connections with which to connect to the 
machinery mentioned. In case of steam power the engines must be large enough 
to give the same power as the Geared Windmill. There also should be a boiler of 
sufficient capacity to generate the steam, with its water tank and pump, and other 
connections. Then there must be a building in which it can be kept, besides the 
shafting, pulleys and connections with which to connect with the machinery, to say 
nothing of the time taken to care for it, and the dust and ashes it makes. 

Compare these first costs of equipping and connecting up the Geared Mill, the 
horse-power, and steam engine, for the several uses which farmers have to provide 
for, and the showing is materially to the advantage of the Geared Mill from 
the standpoint of economy. But when we come to the question of the cost of 
running these several machines, which is really the vital question as to their com- 
parative economy on the farm, and the Geared Mill is conspicuously ahead of any- 
thing yet devised or known. It requires no attention or watching, or supervision 
when running; it is simply turned into the wind and left to itself. 

The horses on a horse-power have to be hitched up and unhitched and kept 
going by a driver, if any satisfactory results are to be reached with them. Besides, 
the cost of the keeping of the horses, including the feed they eat and the care they 
require, makes a very palpable sum total to add to the cost of running farm ma- 
chinery by horse-power. 

The expense necessary to supervise and attend to the running of a horse-power, 
over and above what it costs to run a Geared Mill, will alone pay a large interest 
on the investment in said windmill. True, it is often said that farmers have to have 
horses, any way, and that the time when most of the grinding and feed cutting is 
done is in the winter, when the horses of the farm can be utilized for these purposes 
as well as not. ‘To this it may be replied that the requirement of the farm in the 
way of feed cutting, grinding, pumping, churning, etc., continues all the year 
round, more or less, and if horse-power is to be used it must be available at all 
seasons of the year. 

One of the reasons of the growing discouragement in the use of horse-power 
is, that the horses have to be utilized so severely during a large part of the year as 
to make it utterly impracticable to add to their burdens the power requirements of 
the farm. The result is that either special horses must be set apart for power pur- 
poses, or the grinding, shelling and feed cutting will be intermittent and ultimately 
abandoned. Horses cannot always, even in winter time, be used for power pur- 
poses, on account of the condition of the weather, or of the barn-yard where the 
horses have to travel in running the horse-power. Rain and mud, snow and sleet, 
and storm, are all against the successful use of horse-power for running machinery 
upon the farm. So far as steam is concerned, the cost of fuel is no inconsiderable 
amount for the purposes named, to say nothing about the increased fire risk which 
such a machine imposes upon the farm buildings. 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


E 
Q0-Foot Eclipse Geared Windmill, on 75-Foot Tower. 
Erected on Estate of GEO. E. McQUESTON, Esq.. Marblehead Neck, Mass. 


The Mill is used in connection with the Electric Lighting Outfit described later 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 79 


The Geared Mill has also the advantage of having self-tending devices con- 
nected with some of the machines used with it. The pump can be connected with 
float valves in the tank, so that the mill will shut itself off when the tank is full. 
The churn can be left to tumble away with a Geared Windmill with only an occa- 
sional inspection of the stage of the operation by the housewife. A good large hop- 
per, holding fifty or one hundred bushels of grain, dispenses with the necessity of any 
attention from the farmer when grinding, for these grinders are so arranged that 
they can be left to themselves and will grind as well while the farmer is in the field 
or asleep as when he is present. And should the grinders become empty the 
plates are so arranged as not to suffer any injury from being left without any 
attention. 

Thus it will be seen that from every consideration of the first cost of the plant, 
of the cost of securing motive power, or the cost of running these several machines, 
the Geared Mill stands pre-eminently as the machine for our times, among farmers 
who have entered into the work of progressive farming. Of course it will be said 
that the wind is intermittent and that the farmer is inconvenienced by not having 
his power from the windmill at all times when he wants it. Undoubtedly this is 
a disadvantage, but it is.more so in appearance than in reality, for the reason that 
farmers can easily anticipate their wants, and do anticipate them with Geared 
Mills, so as to be forehanded with any work they are called to do. Even in the 
matter of ensilage cutting, where if would seem extremely necessary to have an 
abundance of power always ready for application, the windmill is likely to prove 
competent. But for all the other purposes of progressive farming, such as the 
pumping of an abundance of pure water for the use of stock and the cooling of 
milk, for the grinding of grain, for the cutting up of all kinds of fodder, for the 
threshing of grain, for the shelling of corn, for the sawing of wood, for the churn- 
ing of cream, and even for running the washing machine, the Geared Mill has no 
competitor that is likely to come anywhere near its large margins of profit and 
advantage. 

The propriety of calling windmills for power purposes ‘* Geared Windmills,” 
arises from the fact that the rotary motion of such mills is secured by gears. 
These gears connect the shaft of a windmill with an upright shaft running down 
to the bottom of the tower. 

Thus, by means of sets of gears, the rotary motion of the wheel is communi- 
cated to a horizontal shaft which, in turn, by means of pulleys and belts, transmits 
a rotary motion to the machinery. 

There are other methods of securing the rotation of the shaft than by use of 
gears. These devices consist of attachments to the reciprocating stroke of a pump- 
ing mill, by which the rotation of a shaft is secured. These devices have been 
variously called ** walking beams,” ‘* power converters,” etc., but have been so 
uniformly unsuccessful as to leave the Geared Windmill the exclusive title of being 
a Power Mill. 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


80 


Suimvs. ‘umad 


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UO TEMOT peppoy pup pelupig puD ‘T[TIlIpuIM parIDeg esdi[oF” JOO4-FT 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 8t 


Comparison of the Eclipse with other Geared Windmills. 


There is a feature in the operation of the modern geared windmill that is 
peculiar to its principles of construction, and which is the direct cause of failure in 
its performance, in nearly every instance where it is subject to heavy strains in 
driving machinery. This defect is due to what is known by millwrights as ‘ side- 
draft,” or, technically speaking, the torsional or twisting strain of the gears upon 
each other. It will be noticed that the upper gear is attached through the wheel 
shaft, to the main casting of the windmill, while the upper pinion on the upright 
shaft is independent of the main casting, having a separate support on its shaft and 
the step bearing at the base of the tower. As the wind changes, the main casting 
with the upper gear attached, moves around on its pivot, or turntable, carrying the 
upper gear around the upper pinion, which cannot change its position on the up- 
right shaft. It will be readily seen that the tendency of these gears, when the 
wheel is revolving, is to crowd away from each other, this strain is proportionate 
to the load, and is, of course, communicated to their respective bearings. The 
upper pinion having a fixed support, from which it cannot move, throws the whole 
torsional strain upon the upper gear, which, resting upon the main casting freely 
turning upon its pivot, accommodates itself to this strain by causing the main casting 
to turn upon the turntable, and the wheel is thrown part way out of its working 
position until it loses the force of the wind, when the torsional strain of the gears 
of course ceases, and the vane can then bring the wheel squarely to the wind. To 
overcome this serious defect has been the object of endless study and experiment, 
and has led to the adoption of all sorts of contrivances to offset the trouble, but it 
has remained for the Eclipse Mill to place the adjustment of the wheel to this dis- 
turbing feature in the hands of the operator, by the simplest possible means, with- 
out sacrificing in any essential degree the best mechanical arrangement of the 
working parts, or adopting makeshift and clumsy controlling devices. It will be 
noted in cut shown on page 86, that the vane on the Kelipse Mill shifts around to a 
position parallel with the wheel, and by the use of the reel H, this vane can be 
moved to a point determined by the exigencies of the work in hand, so that the 
torsional strain of the gears is offset by the shifting of the vane, from its normal 
position at right angles to the wheel to a lesser angle, or to the point where the 
wheel is kept squarely in the wind, the side shift of the vane exactly offsetting the 
side draft of the gears. Thus, in shelling corn in a light wind, the vane would be 
only slightly set off from a right angle; in grinding grain in a heavy wind, the vane 
would approach nearly an angle of forty-five degrees to obtain the best results. To 
accommodate this side shifting of the wheel we use a larger side vane on geared 
than on pumping mills, and obtain the full value of the wind simply by keeping 
our windmill wheel squarely to its work. 


JAGER COMPANY, 


CHARLES J. 


82 


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‘uuod “euywiog “bsz ‘AITGVYG “1 ‘OID JO wei yOoIg uo payoasy 


THUIpuImM peipeg esdi[oy JOO4-9T 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 83 


In regard to other geared mills, those with the sectional or centrifugal mode of 
regulation, having their vanes fixed so that it cannot offset this side draft of the 
gears, ignore entirely this vital and important defect, and lay great stress upon the 
claim that because of centrifugal regulation they get a more even speed than other- 
wise is possible, trusting, perhaps, to their inquirer’s ignorance of the axioms of 
mechanics to overlook the side draft of the gears. The actual performance of a so- 
called centrifugally regulated windmill cannot approach the results obtained by the 
best construction within fifty per cent; because they do not provide for this side 
draft. The fact is that these mills do not regulate so much by their boasted cen- 
trifugal principle as by the fact that their wheel sections are so pivoted that there 
is more surface exposed on one side of the pivot than on the other, and when the 
wind blows hard enough to lift the counteracting weight attached to the sections, 
they blow out. The heavy strains involved in power windmill work are very trying 
to all this complicated regulating apparatus in the sectional mills, necessitating 
repair and alteration, which is entirely eliminated in the Eclipse solid type of con- 
struction. 

There is a modification of the sectional wheel geared windmill which is differ- 
ent from the type last under discussion, in that the vane is dispensed with, and two 
smaller wheels are used to guide the wheel into the wind. This involves the use 
of a complicated sectional wheel regulating arrangement for the mill, which does 
not permit the wheel to adjust itself to the varying wind currents as freely as is 
necessary to avoid heavy strains. The torsional strain of the gears necessitates 
the operation of the governing wheels almost continually in a heavy wind, involv- 
ing wear and strain, which the light construction of this mill soon shows in a faulty 
response to its governing devices. A very annoying fault of this mill is its ten- 
dency to run its machines backward if the wind should come up, after a calm, in 
the opposite direction from which the mill was facing when it died down. This 
often results in serious damage, and its occurrence necessitates shutting down 
the mill and climbing the tower to turn the mill round upon its turntable by hand, 
a ridiculous performance for the owner of a self-regulating windmill. 

The steel geared windmills now offered for sale make no provision for this 
side draft, and attempt by a plausible argument that a high-speed shaft has less 
torsional strain than one conveying the same power at a slower speed, to convince 
the trade that they have entirely obviated the difficulty. The loss in friction and 
the complication of gears necessary to obtain this result has been thoroughly 
weighed and determined upon in our own experiments, to be excessive, and 
claims to the contrary are evidence of ignorance or deliberate deception. A steel 
windmill, having broad fans and complicated gearing, cannot produce from a given 
wind pressure the power yielded by the simpler built, slow moving wooden wheel. 
The steel geared windmills are not at all to be compared with the Eclipse Wooden 
Windmill in construction, as they are much lighter and will not stand the strains 
brought upon them as well as the heavier parts of the Eclipse. As evidence of 
this, we present here the only testimonial we shall introduce in this catalogue. 


84 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


LynpEBorO, N.H., March 1, 1893. 
Messrs. G. J. JAGER-CO., 


No. 174 High St., Boston, Mass. 


Dear Strs:—I have had in constant use, during the past fifteen months, one 
of your Eclipse 14-foot Geared windmills, and will say that it has never failed to 
regulate itself, and has stood the severe storms of the past two years without any 
damage. It pumps water from an Artesian well two hundred feet deep, and yields 
a never-failing supply of water for my house and barn. This mill takes the place 
of three 12-foot steel mills which were blown away, one after another, causing me 
serious loss and annoyance. This mill does more work, with less wear and tear 
than the steel mills, and it has stood through storms that would wreck the metal 
mills every time. Yours truly, 


Cuas. R. BouTwE.u. 


What the Eclipse 14=Foot Geared Windmill will do. 


This size is one of the most popular of our geared windmills for farm work, 
because its first cost is low, and the capacity of the machine is such as to meet the 
needs of the farmer. It will pump the water, saw the wood, cut feed, grind grain, 
run the churn and grindstone, and furnish power for general work on the average 
farm, to good advantage. Its capacity in sawing wood for family trade in a wood 
and coal yard has been shown to be three hundred cords « year, the windmill being 
used for no other purpose. It will grind from five hundred to seven hundred bushels 
of fine feed meal in a year’s time; this is for fine feed ; for coarse meal, its capacity 
would be very much greater. 

The windmill of this size is best adapted to drive our No. 1 Grinder, but in 
especially favored locations the No. 2 A Grinder, having two speed pulleys, is 
used. The 14-foot windmill will operate our saw table with twenty-four-inch saw 
in heavy winds, but for general work it is not advisable to use larger than a twenty- 
inch saw. For ‘+ Details of Construction ” of this size, see page 88. 


ee OOO 0 I ——s 


16=Foot Geared Windmill. 


The 16-foot Geared Windmill is a much heavier and stronger machine than the 
14-foot size, and will do about one half as much more work. It will handle a 
twenty-four-inch saw on our saw table, and on a windy day cut up all the cord 
wood that can be got to the saw and away from it, up to ten inches in diameter. 
It is well adapted to run our No. 2 A Grinder, and in heavy winds will drive a 
twelve-inch Buhr stone grist-mill, giving the finest table meal. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 85 


20=Foot Geared Windmiil. 


This size is popular with farmers who are specialists in the dairy business, as 
it will average forty bushels of feed meal a day during the winter months. It will 
also run the larger sizes of feed cutters, shellers, etc., with elevators, and has been 
used to run a threshing machine requiring three horse-tread power, this size being 
adapted to the mill in the average wind, its capacity in heavy winds being over five 
horse-power. In equipping this mill for grinding, we recommend two grinders, so 
arranged that either or both can be used at the same time. By this means the 
windmill can be used to run one only in light winds, while in heavy winds both can 
be attached, thus developing the full capacity of the mill in both light and heavy 
winds. We advise our No. 2 A Grinder in connection with a sixteen-inch Buhr 
stone as being well adapted to the capacity of a 20-foot windmill for a grinding 
outfit. We have this size mill running twenty-inch Buhr stones, but the above 
combination will give better average results. 

Our 25 and 30-foot Geared Mills are proportionately more powerful than the 
smaller sizes, and with regard to their capacity and details of machinery to be 
driven, we invite inquiry, as these larger sizes of mills are generally used for 
special purposes, requiring special machinery. 


+> +> +> 


Construction of the Eclipse Geared Windmills. 


The cut on page 86 shows the details of construction of the Eclipse Geared 
Windmill in sizes from sixteen to thirty feet in diameter. The tower shown in 
elevation in Fig. 1 is not represented as being suitable for actual service, but merely 
to exhibit the working parts of the windmill and shafting in position. Fig. 2 gives 
a plan view of the mill, showing wheel shaft and main and side vane attached to: 
the main casting. 

The Eclipse Geared Mill is built upon one very heavy central casting, which 
supports the wheel, vanes and upper gears, and extends down into the tower to the 
pivot step No. 6, resting there upon a hardened steel ring, on which it turns to meet 
the wind. This construction places all the upper working parts upon one bed or 


foundation casting; they are rigidly supported, and the swaying, 


straining or set- 
tling of the tower from any cause cannot affect their alignment with each other. The 
extension of the main casting down into the tower avoids the rocking of the machine 
on the tower, so disastrous to geared windmills having only a circular ring on the 
top of the tower posts for a support. There are broad, flat bearings on the tower 
cap at the head of the posts, and on hardened steel turntable, or pivot step; these 
have been proportioned to make the mills exceedingly sensitive to the varying direc- 
tions of the wind currents, and are very durable; the rollers and balls used in other 
mills at these points become worse than useless in a very short time, because 
widely varying strains cause them to wear very unevenly; in this condition they 
impede the movement of the mill upon the turntable, to its consequent strain and 
injury in high winds. 


86 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


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Details of Construction of the Larger Eclipse Geared Windmills. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass; 87 


The upper gears in the 16, 18 and 20-foot mills are made of cast steel, twice 
as strong and four times as durable as cast iron, and are enclosed in a dome-shaped 
casting to give them a firm support and protection from sleet and ice. The shafting 
is finished, the couplings and gears are keyed to the shaft, and the machine 
work is standard in every respect. The boxes are babbitted, and the lower end 
of the upright shaft runs on a hardened step, immersed in oil, making a very durable 
arrangement. The lower gears are machine cut and therefore fit perfectly and run 
smoothly, a feature possessed by no other geared windmill offered for sale: their 
first cost is something more than a cast gear, but they are well worth the difference. 
The main vane and side vane are firmly supported on the main casting, and we have 
never known one of these vanes to be lost because of weakness in their attach- 
ment to the mill. They are trussed in every direction from which strain may come, 
and will stand long and hard service. The woodwork of the wheel and vane 
is made up of selected material put together in the strongest possible manner, the 
whole combination making the windmill superior to any we have seen in a long 
acquaintance in the field. The details of the 25 and 30-foot Geared Mills are simi- 
lar, with the exception of having cast gears only, these being so large that their 
wearing surface can be readily dressed to provide for slight inequalities in casting. 
The details of the 14-foot Geared Mill are shown on following page. 

The method of regulation in the Eclipse Geared Mill is substantially the same 
as in the pumping mill, being as follows, reference being made to parts shown in 
opposite cut. When mill is in use it is regulated by the pressure of the wind 
on the side-vane; this, in heavy winds or gusts, carries the wheel more or less 
out of the wind. In doing this it raises the shut-off pole G, to which are attach- 
ed regulating weights J, by means of chain passing around circle board B, thus 
lifting balls or weights out of box, and throwing the weight on shut-off pole 
G. This acts as a counter-weight or balance to the side vane, and as the wind 
slackens, these weights bring the wheel back, facing the wind again. When 
it is desired to stop the mill, wind up the chain on reel H, thus raising up the 
shut-off pole G, and through chains on circle-board B, throwing the wheel around 
edge to the wind. For the convenience of the operator a clutch coupling D is 
placed on the upright shaft, operated by lever K and rope L, so that the machinery 
can be stopped at will, without shutting off the windmill, a special feature in the 
Eclipse not possessed by other mills. 


PRICE LIST OF ECLIPSE GEARED WINDMILLS. 


Diameter. Horse-Power. Weight. Size of Upright Shaft. Price, 
14 Feet. ee 1,600 Lbs. 14 Inches. | $200.00 
Ose: ai 2,500 ie « | 315.00 
18 He 3 2 OOM 155 yh 360.00 
| Prey ie 5 4,000. * Te ue 440.00 
25 ey ih 5,600 Z 143 sf 650.00 
50a 9 9,500 * 2t | 975-00 


This price includes all shafting, upper and lower gears, with 12-foot line shaft, 
boxes and bolts for same, for 40-foot tower. 

For table showing the horse-power of the different sizes, in varying winds, 
see page 90. 


Details of Construction of 14=Foot Eclipse Geared Windmill. 


43 


BRACE PLATE 


Mi 
SPIDER 


4-1 GEAR 


LNAWNSIHOVILV dWNd ve 


merst19 TSH Z 
= —al 


17 


THIMBLE 


25 PUMP PINION 


30 STEP GEARI 


== 


1-1 LOWER socket 60x \ 


@ 26 cum Gear 


3-2 GATE-PING 
 g 


2 CAP 4 > 
lly 


40 UPPER- 
rill --PINION 


1-2SOCKET 
aW--SHAFT 


UTI 


Au HO 


43 UPPER LENGTH SHAFT 


1 PIVOT wll a 
10 EIVOT PIPE HIN 
i 
40 CRANK PLATE [l/l ll 
= Ho | 
= } © |\| 
39 PHLLOW BOX ge) on HMM, I] 
Sqn = | | 
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z iM) == | 
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$10 PIVOT 
fn 
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| 
11 INSIDE PIPE ||| 


YW INVA 22 


sine VAWE BAR = 29 


FIG.5 


“CLUCHT-COUPLING 24:B 


FIG.4 


FIGS 


“WOODEN VERTICAL BOX 


yf 


YY 

Y 
Uy, Wy Wh, 
YW 
Yi) 
Yyfy 
Y fff 


i, y Uiith Wi / 4; 
Uy YYW ij 
i. 


ILLUSTRATION OF 14-FOOT ECLIPSE GEARED WINDMILL. 


Fig. 1 shows the upright shafting with a section of the horizontal shafting 
on one side and a Pump Jack on the other. 


Fig. 2. A plan view of the Mill. 
Figs. 3 and 4, and also 7, 8 and g, (on other side) cuts of the Pump Jack. 


ANY 
wh >: G a 
Uff!" By) 

Ys; x 


~ 
- " 
v4 
~ 

ee 


AA JACK FRAME 


UIUV3O IAI BS PRR ne ce 


6564 63 62— 


63 
PER STOP LEVER SOCKET 70 WEIGHT 


Sa pump Ro sieeve 


in) NVALid OS 


3did aging) =2S 


Nid and 67 


={——p— 


i Sh pe 


\tsod-waMok 


isod-usnmol 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 89 


The Eclipse Pump Jack. 


A pump cannot be attached di- Fig. 44. 
rectly to a geared windmill, and to 


make this connection calls for the 


use of a Pump Jack. Fig. 44 shows 
that which we have for this purpose, 3 
adapted to any windmill pump. This 
can be operated in any position, and 
driven by a belt or direct shaft con- 
nection. It is back-geared 6 to 1, 
and fitted for five, six, eight, ten and » ef 
twelve-inch strokes. = Price, $24.00. 
Illustrations of the practical 
working of this jack will be found on the folder. 


—— ++ eee ere 


The Proper Equipment of Geared Windmills. 


No farm machine is more dependent for its success upon its proper adjust- 
ments than is the Geared Windmill. This arises principally from the great variety 
of uses to which it is applied, and the variable conditions of the wind, which have 
to be provided for in its equipment. Hence the need of a thorough understanding 
of the general principles which should guide in the selection and furnishing 
of these mills. First: —They must have sufficient power to do their work in 
average winds. Mills that can do their work well only in high winds may yet be 
comparatively useless, as such winds do not prevail more than a twelfth of the time, 
and as the power of the wind is as the square of its velocity, the effect of the 
stronger winds is no safe criterion by which to judge of their average force. Thus 
it happens that mills that are estimated from their results in good winds, prove 
utterly worthless in ordinary, average conditions. The average wind may be put 
down roughly at about eleven miles an hour. Power mills, to be successful and 
profitable in every way, ought to have the power to operate almost any one of the 
machines to which they may be applied in such a velocity of wind: here it must be 
remembered that machinery 1s usually driven at high speed, while the windmill 
itself runs very slowly, and it must have wheel surface enough to furnish power 
under these conditions. 

They should be easily managed, and equipped with self-tending devices. Most 
of these windmills are designed for farm use where professional talent would be too 
expensive, even if available, and must, therefore, be so simple and reliable in 


90 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


their operation as to be perfectly safe under the supervision of ordinary farm 
help. But even this supervision will prove too expensive if too much of it has 
to be employed in operating the mills. The intermittent character of the wind 
will not allow of any farmer spending too much time in waiting on its uncertain 
movements, and hence the necessity of automatic devices, whereby the mill can do 
a good share of its work without attention of any kind: with these a farmer may 
go to his field to work, and even retire for the night, and feel that his work will be 
equally well done without his presence. The sum total of the work a mill will do 
when thus equipped is very much larger than is usually supposed possible. Testi- 
monials as to the work of these mills will be sent on application. 

The mills must be connected with machines specially adapted to them, to 
work economically and successfully. Since wind power is a variable force, it is 
necessary that some recognition should be given this fact in the machines that are 
operated by it. To put on the milla style and size of machine appropriated to its 
highest speed, would overload it for its ordinary motion. It is generally best to 
adjust the work to be done to the slower speeds of the wheel, and while this method 
will not allow of the highest maximum results in brisk winds, it will assure a greater 
average, as it will allow the mill to work most of the time. 

The present equipment of the Eclipse Power Mills has been the result of 
following closely the above requirements. 

We make no smaller Power Mills than 14-foot diameter of wheel: they range 
from that upwards to sixty feet in diameter. 

We are often asked why the smaller mills, which give such power for pumping 
purposes, could not be applied to machinery with equally satisfactory results. We 
answer this question by calling attention to the fact that the mechanism requisite to 
secure rotary motion introduces a great deal of friction. The friction consumes a 
large portion of the power of a small geared mill, and leaves little or no power 
wherewith to do the work. Our own judgment, therefore, is that a 14-foot mill is 
the smallest size that will overcome the extra friction of power work and yield a 
profitable residuum of force with which to run machinery. 

We submit herewith a table showing the power that may be had from Geared 


© 


Windmills, under average conditions, in suitable locations. 


ACTUAL, USEFUL HORSE-POWER, DEVELOPED IN WINDS OF 
STATED VELOCITY PER HOUR. 


Diameter of Wheel. | 10 Miles, 12 Miles. | 16 Miles. | 20 Miles. 25 Miles. 30 Miles. 
| | = 
if Meet: | i 3. I 13 25 3 
corer ase i} at | 3s 4 
i « ies 1 2 | 3 4 5 
ia een ae ay ke all ee qc ciey 
yee | ee Wae ee 4ea ul e506 8 10 
Jen 3 nga! 52 7 9 we 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 91 


This table gives the results obtained by windmills used in connection with 
dynamos for generating electricity, in which work a perfectly accurate and scientific 
measurement is taken. The usual ratings of the power of windmills are based on 
a wind velocity of eighteen or twenty miles per hour, while the average wind is 
but eleven miles, and all tables of this kind that we have seen, give the power from 
twenty to fifty per cent. higher than it is possible to produce. 


Suggestions Regarding the Proper Location of Geared Wind= 


mills, with Reference to Their Several Uses. 


Always place the windmill where it will be high above surrounding wind 
obstructions. One perplexing question that confronts a customer who has made up 
his mind to buy a Geared Windmill is, where to locate it, and just the form of 
connection to drive the several machines which he wishes to operate by means of it. 
Unless there are special reasons to the contrary, the following directions will be 
helpful: First locate your windmill nearest the place you want your grinding 
done. This is on the principle that all machinery should be nearest its heaviest 
work. Grinding is ordinarily the severest tax of any of the uses to which it is 
put, hence the closer the mill to the grinder, the better, as a rule, for the success of 
the mill. The connection to the other machinery can be made in a very satisfactory 
manner by shafting or belting, for ordinary demands, and for special service there 
are a number of devices which we can suggest that will enable general work to be 
handled very nicely with a windmill. The pumping of water, sawing wood, cutting 
feed and grinding grain is easily provided for in most cases with a Geared Mill 
having very compact shafting arrangements, but it sometimes happens that a rope 
connection can be made, carrying power a long distance to good advantage. 

It is sometimes suggested that a Geared Mill, for farm use, is placed to best 
advantage on the barn, and we are inclined to favor this where this can be done 
without interference with the best working of the machinery. If, however, 
the windmill is in any way placed at a disadvantage in locating it on a building, 
either from an unfavorable wind exposure, or complicated shafting connections, it 
is poor policy to choose to do so rather than build a suitable tower for it, as the 
difference in the cost of placing a Geared Mill on a tower or on a building is not 
always in favor of the latter. In building a tower, the best results are obtained from 
the greatest heights, without any exceptions, and in our opinion a Geared Wind- 
mill should not be erected on a tower less than sixty feet high, even in the most 
exposed situations. A vital point in connection with a Geared Windmill is that the 
machinery to be driven by it should be adapted for the purpose, and we show 
machines that have been especially designed for windmill work, which we conti- 
dently recommend as being the best that can be had. 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


92 


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174 High St., Boston, Mass. 93 


Windmill Electric Lighting Plants. 


The combination of a windmill and dynamo for generating electricity has been 
a subject of intense interest and very close study for years past, and it is only re- 
cently that electrical appliances have been perfected so that they could be used to 
good advantage in connection with a windmill. The varying speeds of a windmill 
wheel are provided for by special dynamo construction, and the perfection to which 
the electric storage battery has been brought makes it a very simple matter to store 
the energy of the plant until it is wanted. In the development of this combina- 
tion of the windmill, dynamo and storage battery to its present successful status, 
it was found that only the very best construction in the details of the windmill 
itself could be used, owing to the exacting requirements of electrical work, and we 
have made the Eclipse as thoroughly complete for its duty as is possible. We 
shall be pleased to submit estimates of cost of complete lighting plants to any one 
who may desire the same, on receipt of their statement, showing the number of 
lights required, the average number of lights to be burned at one time, the average 
number of hours lights are to be used, and the distance of windmill location to 
centre of distribution. We give below, by permission of our customer, the sub- 
stance of an article from the Hlectrical Engineer, of November 21, 1894, describ- 
ing one of our outfits recently erected at Marblehead, Mass. 


The Windmill Electric Lighting Plant at Marblehead Neck, Mass. 


‘« The desire by many owners of country houses to light them ina manner fairly 
comparable with that of their town houses, has brought forth an endless variety of 
methods, involving gas in one form or another. But quite recently the matter has 
been approached from another standpoint, namely, that of the windmill in connec- 
tion with the storage battery. In order to show that this method is not only practi- 
cable, but economical, not to mention its other advantages, we give a description of 
a windmill electric lighting plant erected by Mr. Geo. E. McQuesten, of Boston, at 
the family country seat, at Marblehead Neck, Mass. 

There was no public system of lighting at Marblehead Neck (a summer re- 
sort), and hence private plants had to be resorted to.. In the spring of 1892, Mr. 
McQuesten put in a small electric light plant, consisting of a boiler, 8 horse-power 
engine, 3-Kw. dynamo, and a set of forty-six cells of storage battery, having 140 
ampere-hour capacity. This plant was put in the stable, and cost, complete, 
$1,000, supplying lights to the house and stable. The batteries were charged once 
a week, either by the proprietor or by the gardener, after he had been taught to 
run the plant. The necessity of economizing on the use of light was felt, however, 
and so, except on special occasions, not more than about 100 ampere-hours a week 
was used in the summer time. Later in the fall the batteries had to be charged 
twice a week. This plant was run winter and summer; in the winter the lights 
were used by the caretaker, but it was found to be a matter of some inconvenience 
to take the gardener’s time for charging the batteries in the summer season, when 
his other duties were of equal importance, and to meet this difficulty, and save the 
cost of operating the steam plant, Mr. McQuesten put in a windmill outfit, equipped 


94 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


with automatic regulators and self-tending devices, arranged to run and charge the 
batteries without special attention from any one. This was completed on May Ist, 
and has worked well ever since. The outfit is illustrated on page 92, and consists 
of a 20-foot Eclipse Windmill, mounted on a tower seventy-five feet high to centre 
of wheel from the ground. Power is transmitted through bevel gears and one and 
five-eighths inch shafting, to the house built at the base of the tower, which is 
eighteen feet six inches square at that point. At the same time a larger set of 
batteries was installed, so that another house could be supplied with light, the old 
set being in good condition, but were not of sufficient capacity. The dynamo is a 
3-Ikw. Lewis machine, but ought to be 4 or 5-Kw., as the windmill develops more 
power than was anticipated. This charges the battery, consisting of forty-six 
Bradbury-Stone storage cells of 200 ampere-hour capacity. Ninety-volt lamps 
are used, and an automatic switch closes the circuit between dynamo and storage 
batteries, when the potential of the dynamo rises to the required voltage and breaks 
the circuit when the current stops flowing into the batteries. 

Our engraving shows, on the left, the house and stable of Mrs. McQuesten ; 
the dwelling house on the right is owned by General Elbert Wheeler, of Nashua, 
N. H. The house next to the windmill tower is Mr. McQuesten’s workshop, and 
contains tools and machinery of all kinds, for experimental work. The house 
enclosed within the base of the tower contains the entire electric light plant, as 
well as all the gardener’s tool and implements. The McQuesten house contains 
sixty lamps, and the other fifty, the stable fifteen, and the workshop and tower 
about twelve. During the shortest evenings about forty lamp-hours per evening 
were used, all told. This was not very much, it is true, but was all that was 
needed. ‘The amount increased gradually, until on November 1, ninety lamp-hours 
per evening were consumed. At times, when there was plenty of wind, the shop 7 
was run by an electric motor from the batteries, and in October the motor was 
used altogether whenever the shop was run. 

The windmill furnished all the above lights from May 1 to November 5, when 
the houses were closed for the winter. A ten-mile breeze gives from three to five 
amperes, at one hundred and ten volts, while a twenty-mile wind gives eighteen to 
twenty-five amperes at one hundred and ten to one hundred and twelve volts. It has 
not been possible to store all the power developed in a wind of above twenty miles 


velocity. 
The dynamo is provided with a series coil on the field, wound differentially to 


the shunt, so that the machine delivers current at constant potential, at variable 
speeds. Mr. McQuesten tried the experiment of cutting out the differential winding 
and running the dynamo as a simple shunt-wound machine. It worked beautifully 
in light winds, for as the wind increased, the tendency of the wheel to revolve too 
fast was checked by the increasing load on the dynamo, thus maintaining a practi- 
cally constant speed, and the greatest possible efficiency. This was very satisfactory 
until the force of the wind increased so that the windmill delivered to the dynamo 
more power than it could safely take care of, and so would have been injured if 
left running, clearly demonstrating the advantage of differential winding, which 
allows the dynamo to run at high speed without danger of overloading.” 

Mr. McQuesten’s plant has proved so satisfactory that the outfit shown on 
page 74 has also been equipped with electrical apparatus for the same purpose. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 95 


Qualities and Characteristics Required in a Grinder for Wind- 
mill Purposes. 


We have already stated as a general principle in selecting machines to be run 
with geared mills, that they must be specially adapted to the peculiar conditions 
of wind power. This is pre-eminently true of the Grinder. Most of the iron 
grinders made have their buhrs so shaped that when they stop, the grain wedges 
in the plates and the whole machinery is locked thereby, and it takes a great deal 
more power to start it than is required to run the machine. ‘The result is that when 
these grinders are used in connection with windmills, they very seriously embarrass 
the success of grinding by wind power, for when the wind dies down so that the 
windmill stops, the locking of the plates by the wedging of the grain prevents the 
windmill from starting up again unless assisted by hand. In other words, those 
grinders that lock and wedge when they stop, make it impossible to carry out the 
plan of leaving the windmill to do its work without supervision. 

This result has in times past operated to deprive wind power of its leading 
advantage over other motors in this line. The Eclipse Grinders are so made that 
there is no wedging of the grain in the plates when the mill stops, and it is per- 
fectly free to start up easily again, whenever the impulse of the wind revives 
enough to run the windmill at all. With our machine, all the grinding of the farm, 
or even of the miller, may be left to be done by the mill automatically, without 
any supervision, and the farmer can be perfectly sure of a large average grist under 
any conditions of the wind that will turn a grinder at all. 

In adjusting the speed of the grinder to the windmill, it should be slow enough 
so that in very light winds the mill will do a little something, and even though this 
little may seem trifling and insignificant, as long as the mill does not have to be 
watched or any time spent upon it, it can be left to accumulate by small amounts 
the pile of feed, until it reaches a large sum total. 

In the same way the self-feed appliances need to be simple. The regular feed 
devices of grinders which are made for use with horse or steam power, are 
altogether out of place with Geared Mills. The variable speed of the windmill 
makes it impossible for these self-feed devices to be of any special value. The 
best way is to construct a grinder so that its worm feed cannot overload the 
machine. The characteristics of the Eclipse Grinders make them equally service- 
able for tread or horse-power machines. 

Horse-power is more or less variable, and to use it economically in grinding, 
it must be relieved from the locking tendency above mentioned to enable one to 
use it successfully. With the Eclipse Grinder, a man is free from any attention 
to the grinder, and can spend his time in feeding and sacking the grist and keep- 
ing the horses in motion; the absence of wedging or locking does away with 
any tendency to heat the meal or the grist that is ground. We have not aimed 


96 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


to secure the maximum capacity of our machines under forced conditions; nor 
have we attempted to obtain the finest possible quality of grist from our plates ; 
our aim has been to provide a grinder that would produce the quality of grist 
required for the average stock feeding, with the least power, with no wedging of 
the plates or heating of the meal. For those who require the finest kind of meal 
we furnish special plates that will secure the result. We therefore request, in this 
connection, that those who make inquiry about a grinder, should be particular to 
specify whether they want very fine grinding, or whether their requirement is 
average stock feed. 


Eclipse Grinders. Suitable for Steam or Horse=Power, but 
especially designed for Windmill Work. 


We have devoted considerable time and expense to devise satisfactory grinders 
for windmill use. The grinders offered by manufacturers of these goods were not 
provided with the special features to meet our requirements, although they were 
fairly suitable for steam or horse-power. The ordinary grinder must be driven at 
a high and constant speed to get good results; in the Eclipse we produce a well- 
ground feed meal at the slowest speed, and the very best quality at high speed, 
obviating the wedging of the grain in the plates when the mill stops. 

The grinding rings, or plates, are made of chilled metal especially for our 
machines, and will grind from six hundred to one thousand bushels of grain, accord- 
ing to the fineness of the meal, and can be 
replaced at small expense. They can be placed 
i in position to get the best results by any one; 
the grinders are so built that it does not require 
special skill to adjust them to their work. The 


under plate is moved up to its work by a screw 
feed which can be locked when it is set, thus 


maintaining an even quality of meal. The 
running plate is the lower one, so that if the 


grinder is left running empty, no damage can 
be done to the plates. 
We make two grades of grinding rings, one 


for ordinary and one for very fine grinding, 


the ordinary ring meeting practically every re- 
quirement. The grinders will handle any sub- 
stance that can be gotten into the plates, and 
we have very successfully ground gum arabic 
with our No. 2 A Grinder. Their work on 


whole corn and cob meal is unsurpassed, the 


No. 1 Eclipse Grinder. ears having first been crushed to the size of the 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. oF 


whole grain. In their design we have embodied symmetry and strength of con- 
struction, with every adjustment that will meet the convenience of the operator. 
Our No. 1 Eclipse Grinder is arranged to run with a sprocket chain No. 52, or 
with a 4 x 12 pulley for belt. It is built to be fastened against the side of its 
support, and the pulley shaft can be changed from one side to the other if the 
location demands it. It is a first-class low-priced grinder. Capacity at one 
hundred to three hundred revolutions of pulley shaft, one to four bushels per hour, 
according to quality of meal. 
PRICE = - . : = = = = . = $25.00. 


Our No. 2 A Kelipse Grinder is 
designed for use where large quan- 
tities of meal are required for feed, 


and is a superior machine in every 


respect. It is arranged with cone 
pulley, sizes,respectively 4 x 74 and 
4 x 15 inches, and at six hundred 
to one thousand revolutions of the 
pulley shaft per minute will produce 
from six to fifteen bushels of meal 
per hour, according to the quality 
of the meal ground. 


This grinder will give excellent 


result with steam or horse-power, 


its adjustment for the varying speed 
of windmill power rendering it ex- 
ceptionally well adapted for general 
vrinding purposes. 


PrRIcE = os = $45.00. 


With matched cone pulley for 
countershaft - $48.00. 


Price of extra grinding plates, 
per pair gs $1.50. 


++ Ooo 


Eclipse Saw Table. 


We have found it necessary to make a special saw table for our windmills, as 
the construction of the ordinary article is faulty in its shaft and bearings. The 
frame of our table is solidly made of hard wood, bound together in a thorough 
manner. The swinging frame which receives the wood is heavily ironed, and will 
stand hard usuage. We prefer a swinging to a sliding table, because it is easier to 


98 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


handle and the hands of the operator are away from the saw while the wood is 
being changed for a new cut. The shaft is made very heavy, two-inch diameter ; 
this, in many other tables, is only one and one-quarter inch in diameter. The bear- 
ings are babbitted and are adjustable to wear, and having projections at right 
angles to their length, which fit into grooves in the shaft, the end play of the shaft 
is carefully provided for. This makes the Eclipse saw table a durable and safe 
machine to operate, since the end play of the shaft, due to ordinary wear, is provided 
for, a lack of which in any saw table is likely to result in injury to the operator. 

Pulley is five-inch diameter for four-inch belt. Speed, six hundred to nine 
hundred revolutions a minute. 


Eclipse Saw Table. Complete with Saw. 


Price, including 24-inch Saw, 45.00. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass: 


99 


FAIRBANKS 8-FOOT GALVANIZED STEEL. WINDMILL. 


PRICE LIST OF ECLIPSE JUNIOR WINDMILLS. 


Diameter, Shipping Weight. =) | : Brice; 
6 Feet 200 Lbs. | $25.00 
8h « 280 « | 35.00 
TO ie 400 « | 45.00 
120% 600 « | 60.00 


PRICE LIST OF ECLIPSE PUMPING WINDMILLS. 


Diameter. Shipping Weight. Price. 
10 Feet. 510 Lbs. $ 75.00 
I Pe GiOe <e¢ 100.00 
ie era 1,100 « 165.00 


| 
| 
| 


PRICE, $30.00. 


PRICE LIST OF THE ECLIPSE RAILROAD PUMPING WINDMILLS. 


Diameter. Shipoine Weight, ae of Stroke. Price, 

16 Feet 1,650 Lbs. 6 and 8 Inches. $280.00 

18 « 1,875 « ie Cue 325.00 

20 « 2.835 « Pe ake ee 450.00 

Wey D.00 0s WR AI GSI Oo 625.00 

30. « 8,500 « 12,14 “15. « 900.00 
PRICE LIST OF ECLIPSE GEARED WINDMILLS. 

Diameter. Horse-Power. Weight. Size of Upright Shaft. Price. 
1d Hecate? C18 Te00Lbs «| 12. Inches. $200.00, 
16 « 21 2,500 « ie wis 315.00 
18 « 3 2,700 « fe ae 360.00 
AQ), 66 5 4,000 « 12 <a 440.00 
Domes t 5,600 142 MG 650.00 
3 auc 9 9,000) <6 24 oe 975.00 

PRICE LIST OF FAIRBANKS STEEL TOWERS. 
Painted. Galvanized. 

Height, | Shipping Weight. | ae | Height. Shipping Weight. Price: 
30 Feet. 500 Lbs. $25.00 30 Feet. 520 Lbs. $33.50 
ay) HO. 30.50 Omens 600s 38.00 
Al ee BOQ. 56.00 A Omen i (AQ) 43.50 
SN ok eaxi) 36 45.50 yg). | 86 Na) Ge 59.00 
GOD Nw 9 60.00 Og) ee) 74.00 


These prices include GALVANIZED ANCHOR POSTS for either painted or galvanized towers. 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 


100 


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174 High St., 


Boston, Mass. 


PRICE LIST OF SPIKED WOODEN WINDMILL TOWERS. 


eegeas 


Height. Southern or Hard Pine. 
36 Feet. $28.00 $39.00 
AK 32.00 45.00 
wioy Ut 36.00 50.00 
a) 6 42.00 58.00 
HOSS 48.00 66.00 
Oommnce 54.00 75.00 | 


The above prices include all necessary nails and bolts, 


PRICE LIST OF REARS HOR As FOOT eee WINDMILLS. 


No. 


1 Pivot Casting $12.80 
1-0 Top Socket Box 40 
1-1 Lower Socket Box 40 
1-2 Socket Shaft 2.50 
2 Pivot Cap 1.90 
3 Gate : 5.40 
3-1 Gate Clip 30 
3-2 Gate Pin 40 
4 Spider 7.00 
4-0 Upper Pinion 1.20 
4-1 Upper Gear 5.20 
4-2 Shaft 3.50 
4-3 Brace Plate ; 1.00 
5 Outside Front Wheel Clip 50 
6 Outside Back Wheel Clip .34 
7 Inside Front Wheel Clip 30 
8 Inside Back Wheel Clip  .20 
9 Truss Rod Clip 70 
9-1 Side Truss Rod Clip .60 
10 Pivot Pipe 6.80 

11 Inside Pipe 3.3 
12. Lever Arm 1.00 
13 Pivot Gear 2.40 
14 Segment P00 
15 Cross-Head : 1.00 
16 Links, 2 @ 25 0) 
17 Thimble 2.80 
18 Pivot Step : 1.30 
19 Sockets, 2 @ 20 40 
20 Ball Pipe 60 
21 Shaft Box Sa Me FlU 
22 Box Ring $1.80< .60 
23 Box Stand : sw) 
24 Coupling 3.00 
27 Vane Bar 4.00 
28 Truss Rod .60 
4.00 


Side Vane Bar 


No. 

28-1 Side Truss Rods C50 
34 Pump Attachment 90 
$3 Clutch Ring 7} 

36 Clutch Guide 

37 ~=Lever + 4.50 
38 Lever Bearer J 

39 Flat or Line Box 1.80 
42 or 50 Pitman 1.00 
44 Jack Frame 3.00 
45 Fly Wheel 6.80 
46 Pulley 3.90 
47 Jack Pinion -90 
48 Pump Gear : 6.00 
49 -Pumpiein 5 1.00 
51 Knuckle 90 
52. Guide Pipe 50 
53 Pump Rod Sleeve 60 
54 Foot Gear 2,.¢0 
55. Foot Pinion 120 
56 Foot Step 2.90 
57 Vertical Box f 80 
f Vertical Box Cover 30 
Vertical Box Plate $1. 80. 250) 
Corner Clips for 4 40 
Strap Lever Fulcrum (tae 
Sector .50 
Stop Lever Socket *4 00 1520 
Weight r.: Priam OO, 
Pump Pulley. f 4.70 
Pulley Bearing : 2.84 
8 Wheel Sections @ $4 32.00 
8 Arms and Bolts @ $1.10 8.80 
Rudder Vane. : 13250 
Side Vane : ; 2525 
Out Gear Pole 1220 
Cast Shipper Fork  . 50 
8 Arm Braces, @$ .75 6.00 


101 


102 CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY, 
ROUND RESERVOIR TANKS. 
Made of 2=inch Selected Western Pine. 
Diameter | metre tr Sanat Estimated eeeraith rice wi 
| Sin Rie of oe tae in | po | See Sane eens Ry Hoops. Lye Lags on 
4 6 sakh 660 20 400 gid & 23 
5 6 Aes 849 25 550 pele 27 
5) a 4 1RKOTS: 38 750 wa § 31 
6 6 5 1,038 30 750 22% 31 
6 8 5 1,899 57 950 oe 40 
z 5 6 754 24 875 B98 29 
7 7 CREE canes” 50 950 go 8 40 
7 8 Gira eles 70 1,100 age 45 
8 Giese 36 1,306 41 900 oy 38 
8 SRP Ate 2,450 77 1,300 $ 47 50 
8 9 6 3,155 99 1,550 61 65 
8 10 6 | 5,950 124 1,800 66 70 
| 10 10 7 5,000 168 2,000 70 15 
10 12 7 7,360 250 2,400 104 110 
10 14 7 10,182 317 8,500 a) WAS 
10 16 7 13,380 418 4,100 164 170 
12 8 8 3,742 Lis 1,850 64 68 
12 10 8 6,054 189 2,300 84 89 
12 12 8 8,896 278 2,600 114 120 
14. 9 9 5,627 182 2,250 a7 82 
14 10 9 7,000 218 2,000 102 108 
14 V2 9 10,579 324 3,800 120 128 
ROUND STORAGE TANKS. 
Made of 3-inch Selected Western Pine. 
| Length o iameter | oe meeveiine Ai AGUA Estimated | Price, with | pyice, with | No. of Pairs 
Speen | ofa | Reap, “Gh” | “bee” | Spr pS |e icoe) ofLag n 
10 10 a 4,992 168 3,200 § 94 $100 2 
| 10 12 7 7,360 251 4,200 132 140 2 
12 10 8 6,034 202 3,800 112 120 2 
12 12 8 8,896 295 4,800 150 160 2 
WZ, 14 8 12,285 390 5,800 178 190 2 
| 12 16 8 16,191 514 6,700 213 225 Ds 
12 18 9 | 20,696 657 7,900 ZO) 205 3 
14 10 9 6,989 235 3,700 116 1b) 2 
14 12 9 10,379 344 5,300 168 180 2 
14 14 9 14,5838 455 6,500 210 223 2 
14 16 10 18,994 608 7,500 239 255 2 
14 18 10 24,289 ail 8,600 310 835 3 
14 20 10 30,146 997 11,000 541 565 3 
16 16 12 21,798 692 8,000 295 310 2 
16 18 12 27,878 885 9.500 345 375 3 
1 20 12 34,619 1,099 12,500 360 590 3 
16 22 12 42,084 1,556 13,000 AOS 435 3 
16 24 12 50,272 1,596 14,000 420 450 3 
18 24 13 56,763 1,802 15,000 440 475 3 
18 30 14 89,066 2,784 25,500 600 645 3 
20 24 16 63,252 2,008 16,000 515 560 3 
20 30 16 99,666 3,164 28,000 650 700 3 


This List covers only the most staple sizes. 


We are prepared to build Tanks of any size, shape, or material. 


174 High St., Boston, Mass. 103 


ROUND RESERVOIR TANKS. 


Made with 2=inch Staves, 3=inch Bottoms, Selected Western Pine. 


Diameter : eed Estimated : +i Price with 
slat | oftguamin | Asset | Cagggin | Capscayin | Sitoing | nistcd tps, | 1p ag on | 
10 10 7 5,000 168 2,100 $ 79 $ 83 
10 12 i 7,360 230 2,500 115 120 
10 14 i 10,132 S17 3,700 135 140 
10 16 ff 13,880 418 4,400 184 190 
12 8 8 3,742 117 1,950 62 68 
12 9 8 4,823 151 2,050 67 73 
12 10 8 6,084 189 2,500 90 J6 
12 12 8 8,896 278 2,800 127 133 
12 14 8 12,285 390 4,000 166 173 
12 16 8 16,191 514 5,100 204 212 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 50 DOUBLE=ACTING WINDMILL PUMPS. 


Diameter of Cylinder. Stroke. Suction Pipe. Discharge Pipe. Price. 
24 Inch. 8 Inch. 14 Inch. 14 Inch. $ 65.00 
3 Sore ik « ies 70.00 
Set gee 1 « ie ea 1k « 85.00 
4 es I 2 OB 2 BG 100.00 
D cs Ie 08 3 ot De 120.00 
Hee 16 « 3. « Dae ee 155.00 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 35 SINGLE=ACTING WINDMILL PUMPS. 


i Sizes. Trier @oliter Stroke. Suction and Discharge. | Prices 
No. 0 2 Inch. Srlach. 14 Inch. | $18.00 | 
Osa ys es & ban ae 22.00 | 
OE BS 6“ 8 3 14 6“ 28.00 | 
cere 4 NO -& 4 5G 50.00 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 320 SINGLE-ACTING WINDMILL PUMPS. 


No. Size Cylinder, Suction. Discharge. Brass Lined Brass Cylinder, 
Cylinder. 
1 24 Inch. 13 Inch. 14 Inch. $17.00 $18.25 - | 
ae a! aye 1b « 17.25 18.75 
Pahoa 34 « Q «6 Q « 18.00 20.75 


PRICE LIST OF FIG. 500 SINGLE-ACTING WINDMILL PUMPS. 


No. Size Cylinder. pyobor ane. Discharge Stroke. poe 
Tron. Brass, 
1 o Tneus 1 Inch Pipe. 7 Inch. $7.50 $16.00 | 
2 24 66 14 6 66 WG 8.00 18.00 
3 3 66 14 66 3 jou ids 8.50 20.00 


AVERY LIBRAR 
QQLUMBIA UNIVERSITY oe ate bee ae 


CHARLES J. JAGER COMPANY. 


2-Inch Stock. 


3-Inch Stock. 


Length of | Diameter of| Number * Capacity <e 
Stave Bottom of in 7; * 
in Feet. in Feet, Hoops. Gallons. Price with Estimated Ship- Price with Estimated Ship- 

| | Lug Hoops. ping Weight. Lug Hoops. ping Weight. 
2 4 ied 115 $ 9.50 215 $12.75 300 
2, 5 2 102, 11.00 265 14.50 370 
2 54 2 231 12.00 300 16.00 420) 
2 6 2 283 13.50 340 18.00 475 
2 7 2 391 17.00 390 22.50 540 
2 8 2 518 20.00 450 26.00 630 
2 9 2 662 22.50 530 30.00 740 
2 10 2 824 25.00 650 33.50 910 
23 5 2 257 12.00 325 16.00 550 
25 54 2 3138 13.50 350 17250 BW i) 
24 6 2 | 377 15.00 375 19.00 600 
24 7 2 522 18.00 445 25.00 660 

| 24 8 2 682 21.00 525 28.00 750 

| 23 10 2 1,098 27.00 779d 30.00 1,000 
3 3 3 105 12.00 200 16.00 280 
3 4 3 Oe 13.50 225 17.50 315 
3 5) 3 320 16.00 285 22.50 400 
3) 6 5 472 19.00 380) 25.50 530 
3 7 3 6458 22.00 490 29.00 685 
3 8 3 863 26.00 620 34.50 865 
4 4 4 272 14.50 300 20.00 425 
4 4) 4 448 18.50 340 24.50 476 
4 6 4 660 23.00 400 30.50 560 
4. 7 4 914 28.00 500 36.00 700 
4 8 4 209 32.00 740 43.00 1,085 
4 9 4 1,545 36.00 870 49.50 1,210 
i) 4 4 356 17.50 390 23.00 490 
By) 5) 4 576 22.50 490, 29.50 685 
4) 6 4 849 27.00 550 35.50 770 

| 5) a 4 1,175 31.00 7d0 41.00 1,050 
5 8 4 1,155 36.50 970 47.00 1,350 
5 9 Lely G86 41.00 1,200 54,00 1,680 
5 10 P= OAT 45.50 1,450 61.00 2,000 
6 4. i) 434 ZO.O0ms 420 26.50 590 
6 4s 5 561 23.00 490 31.00 685 
6 5 5) 752 26.00 270 34.00 800 
6 5} H) 865 28.00 650 38.00 910 
6 6 i) 1,038 31.00 7a0 41.50 1,050 
6 7 i) 1,486 34.00 850 45.00 1,190 
6 8 i) IE SOO 40.00 950 54.50 1,530 
6 ) 5 2,427 47.00 1,500 62.00 1,820 
6 10 5 3,120 55.00 1,550 70.00 2.170 


* The capacities are figured on the inside measurements of the tanks; there is, however, a slight taper, varying in the 


different tanks, for which no exact allowance can be made; the rated capacities are, therefore, a little in excess of the actual, 


ENGRAVED By 
FRANKLIN ENGRAVING CO. 
BOSTON. 


PRINTED BY 
H. C, MANDELL & CO, 
BOSTON. 


